Structure 2013-08-19

p. 276 Ex. 3
2 must not have had
3 couldn't have supported
4 could have developed
5 must have made
6 must have fished
7 must have eaten
8 may have lived
9 could have made
10 had to have come
11 could the Rapa Nui people have called
12 must have had
13 might have moved
14 couldn't have created
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p. 277 Ex. 4
1 The Earth must have become colder.
  The Earth had to have become colder.
2 Dinosaurs must not have survived the cold.
3 A huge meteor might have hit the Earth.
4 A Bigfoot couldn't have kidnapped Albert Ostman.
5 Ostman must have seen a bear.
6 Ostman could have dreamed about a Bigfoot. (dreamt)
7 He might have made up the story.
8 The man had to have changed the photo.
9 The man might have seen a large fish.
10 The man may have seen a dead tree trunk. (branch)
11 A dinosaur couldn't have been in the lake.
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(He needn't have gone. = It wasn't necessary to go.)
You needn't worry so much. = You don't have to worry so much.
"need" can be a modal. It is formal, and usually used in negative sentences with "needn't".
You mustn't worry so much. = It's necessary to stop worrying.
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p. 279 Ex. 6
1 could have made the journey(=voyage; trip)
2 might have traveled there
3 might have helped
4 had to have been
5 must have solved
6 must have been a paradise
7 The soil must have washed away
8 they couldn't have been able to fish / they couldn't have fished
  (they couldn't fish)
9 How could the islanders have learned...
(How the islanders could have learned in this short period of time to live peacefully with so few resources is still a mystery.)
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Homework: 269 A&B, 284 A&B
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Page 282: Exercise 9
1
It might have been a decoration.
It could have been a bank for coins.
It might have been a bed for very small babies.
It couldn't have been a bed because it's too small.
- It was a pillow.
2
It might have been a handcuff.
It could have been a pin.
It may have been a bracelet.
It might have been a collar.
- It was a pin for holding clothes together.
3
It may have been a mirror.
It could have been a meat cleaver.
It might have been a knife.
It could have been a pizza server.
- It was a shaving kit (a razor and a mirror).
4
It could have been a mask.
It might have been sunglasses.
- They were sunglasses to protect from snow blindness.
5
It might have been for cooking.
It could have been for fishing.
It probably wasn't an umbrella like Sidney says.
- It was a map. (chart = map for the ocean)
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Homework: 269 A&B, 284 A&B