2018-03-27 TOEFL: word roots, reading fact

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word roots - list 1 - Work with your partner to explain the meaning of each root with one or two words.
ab (abduct, abdicate) = away
ad (advocate, addition, advance) = to/toward
aer/aero (aerial, aerate) = air
agri/agro (agriculture, agribusiness, agrarian) = farm
ambi (ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalent) = both
amb/ambul (amble, ambulatory, ambulate) = walk (an ambulance is a “walking hospital”)
ami/amo (amiable, amorous) = love/friendship
andro (android, androgen) = man/male (contrasted with “gyn” = female)
anim (animate, animal) = spirit/breath (or something that moves)
ann/enn (annual, millennium, anniversary) = year
ante/anti (antecedent, anteroom, anticipate) = before
anthropo (anthropology, philanthropy) = humanity
anti (antibacterial, antisocial) = against
aqua (aquamarine, aqueduct, aquarium) = water (sometimes specifically fresh water)
arch (monarch, hierarchy, archbishop) = first (in importance or power)
archa (archaeology, archaic) = old (first in time)
art (artist, artifact, artisan) = skill
astro (astronomy, astrology) = star
aud/audi (audience, audible) = hear
auto (automatic, autograph) = self
bell (belligerent, rebellious) = war
bene (benefit, benevolent) = good
bi (bilingual, bilateral, bisexual) = two
bio (biology, biography, biosphere) = life
cept/ceive (intercept, receive) = catch (“captive” and “capture” are also from the same root)
cardi/cardio (cardiac, cardiology) = heart
carn (carnivore, carnal) = meat/flesh (“meat” usually means dead, “flesh” can be alive)
cede/ceed/cess (intercede, exceed) = go (more words have “cede”, but the three with “ceed” are more common: proceed, exceed, succeed)
cent (century, centimeter, centennial) = hundred(th)
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sesqui = 1.5 (sesquicentennial = 150 years)
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Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- purpose
- inference
- reference/pronouns
- paraphrase/sentence restatement
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/table completion
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 181 - Read the first passage and decide if each statement is true or false.
Check your answers with your partner, and convince them of your answer if you disagree.
A. T
B. F
C. T (A military risk is a security threat.)
D. T (“doubt as to the feasibility of construction”)
E. F
F. F (There was no construction of the tunnel in 1930, so the construction couldn’t have led to anything.)
G. F
H. T
Take 9 minutes to complete the exercise. Then check with your partner.
Passage 2
A. T
B. F (They likely came from an animal this size, but the bones they found were smaller.)
C. F
D. T (This is more of an inference question.)
E. T (This is also an inference, from “eardrums, which would not have worked in water”.)
F. F (It can recognize the source because the bones are isolated from each other, and it’s just the eardrum that is vestigial, not the middle ear.)
G. T
H. T (This can be concluded from the final sentence. “The separation of these bones” means the bones are in fact separated in (modern) marine whales.)
Passage 3
A. T
B. F
C. F (It emits glue, not a smell.)
D. T
E. T
F. F
G. T
H. T
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BREAK
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Passage 4
A. F (If A cannot match B, it means A is worse than B.)
B. T
C. T
D. F
E. F (The color of the varnish wasn’t important, and it ranges in color from orange to reddish-brown.)
F. T
G. F
H. T
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Handout (Longman) p. 51 - Take 5 minutes to answer the questions about Lake Baikal. Then check your answers with a partner.
1 D
2 A
3 D
4 C
5 B
p. 52 - same
6 C
7 A
8 D
9 B
10 C
p. 53 - same
11 A
12 D
13 C
14 B
15 D
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DELTA p. 20 - Take 3 minutes to answer these fact questions about plants
1 A
2 C
3 D (Ground tissue “makes up the bulk of a plant”.)
p. 21 - 3 minutes
4 B
5 A
6 C
p. 22 - 3 minutes
7 B
8 C
9 D
10 B
p. 23-25 - Take 8 minutes to do exercise 1.1.B
1 D
2 D
3 A
4 C
5 C
6 B
7 B
8 B
9 C
10 A
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Homework: finish the handout (Cengage p. 35-42)