Determining Specific File Responsible for High I/O

There are several aspects to this question which have been addressed partially through other tools, but there doesn't appear to be a single tool that provides all the features you're looking for.
iotop

This tools shows which processes are consuming the most I/O. But it lacks options to show specific file names.

$ sudo iotop
Total DISK READ:       0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE:       0.00 B/s
  TID  PRIO  USER     DISK READ  DISK WRITE  SWAPIN     IO>    COMMAND
    1 be/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % init
    2 be/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % [kthreadd]
    3 be/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % [ksoftirqd/0]
    5 be/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u:0]
    6 rt/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % [migration/0]
    7 rt/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % [watchdog/0]

By default it does what regular top does for processes vying for the CPU's time, except for disk I/O. You can coax it to give you a 30,000 foot view by using the -a switch so that it shows an accumulation by process, over time.

$ sudo iotop -a
Total DISK READ:       0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE:       0.00 B/s
  TID  PRIO  USER     DISK READ  DISK WRITE  SWAPIN     IO>    COMMAND
  258 be/3 root          0.00 B    896.00 K  0.00 %  0.46 % [jbd2/dm-0-8]
22698 be/4 emma          0.00 B     72.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % chrome
22712 be/4 emma          0.00 B    172.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % chrome
 1177 be/4 root          0.00 B     36.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % cupsd -F
22711 be/4 emma          0.00 B    120.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % chrome
22703 be/4 emma          0.00 B     32.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % chrome
22722 be/4 emma          0.00 B     12.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % chrome

i* tools (inotify, iwatch, etc.)

These tools provide access to the file access events, however they need to be specifically targeted to specific directories or files. So they aren't that helpful when trying to trace down a rogue file access by an unknown process, when debugging performance issues.

Also the inotify framework doesn't provide any particulars about the files being accessed. Only the type of access, so no information about the amount of data being moved back and forth is available, using these tools.
iostat

Shows overall performance (reads & writes) based on access to a given device (hard drive) or partition. But doesn't provide any insight into which files are generating these accesses.

$ iostat -htx 1 1
Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (manny)  08/18/2013  _x86_64_    (3 CPU)

08/18/2013 10:15:38 PM
avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
          18.41    0.00    1.98    0.11    0.00   79.49

Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await r_await w_await  svctm  %util
sda
                  0.01     0.67    0.09    0.87     1.45    16.27    37.06     0.01   10.92   11.86   10.82   5.02   0.48
dm-0
                  0.00     0.00    0.09    1.42     1.42    16.21    23.41     0.01    9.95   12.22    9.81   3.19   0.48
dm-1
                  0.00     0.00    0.00    0.02     0.01     0.06     8.00     0.00  175.77   24.68  204.11   1.43   0.00

blktrace

This option is too low level. It lacks visibility as to which files and/or inodes are being accessed, just raw block numbers.

$ sudo blktrace -d /dev/sda -o - | blkparse -i -
  8,5    0        1     0.000000000   258  A WBS 0 + 0 <- (252,0) 0
  8,0    0        2     0.000001644   258  Q WBS [(null)]
  8,0    0        3     0.000007636   258  G WBS [(null)]
  8,0    0        4     0.000011344   258  I WBS [(null)]
  8,5    2        1 1266874889.709032673   258  A  WS 852117920 + 8 <- (252,0) 852115872
  8,0    2        2 1266874889.709033751   258  A  WS 852619680 + 8 <- (8,5) 852117920
  8,0    2        3 1266874889.709034966   258  Q  WS 852619680 + 8 [jbd2/dm-0-8]
  8,0    2        4 1266874889.709043188   258  G  WS 852619680 + 8 [jbd2/dm-0-8]
  8,0    2        5 1266874889.709045444   258  P   N [jbd2/dm-0-8]
  8,0    2        6 1266874889.709051409   258  I  WS 852619680 + 8 [jbd2/dm-0-8]
  8,0    2        7 1266874889.709053080   258  U   N [jbd2/dm-0-8] 1
  8,0    2        8 1266874889.709056385   258  D  WS 852619680 + 8 [jbd2/dm-0-8]
  8,5    2        9 1266874889.709111456   258  A  WS 482763752 + 8 <- (252,0) 482761704
...
^C
...
Total (8,0):
 Reads Queued:           0,        0KiB  Writes Queued:           7,       24KiB
 Read Dispatches:        0,        0KiB  Write Dispatches:        3,       24KiB
 Reads Requeued:         0       Writes Requeued:         0
 Reads Completed:        0,        0KiB  Writes Completed:        5,       24KiB
 Read Merges:            0,        0KiB  Write Merges:            3,       12KiB
 IO unplugs:             2           Timer unplugs:           0

Throughput (R/W): 0KiB/s / 510KiB/s
Events (8,0): 43 entries
Skips: 0 forward (0 -   0.0%)

fatrace

This is a new addition to the Linux Kernel and a welcomed one, so it's only in newer distros such as Ubuntu 12.10. My Fedora 14 system was lacking it 8-).

It provides the same access that you can get through inotify without having to target a particular directory and/or files.

$ sudo fatrace
pickup(4910): O /var/spool/postfix/maildrop
pickup(4910): C /var/spool/postfix/maildrop
sshd(4927): CO /etc/group
sshd(4927): CO /etc/passwd
sshd(4927): RCO /var/log/lastlog
sshd(4927): CWO /var/log/wtmp
sshd(4927): CWO /var/log/lastlog
sshd(6808): RO /bin/dash
sshd(6808): RO /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so
sh(6808): R /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so
sh(6808): O /etc/ld.so.cache
sh(6808): O /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so

The above shows you the process ID that's doing the file accessing and which file it's accessing, but it doesn't give you any overall bandwidth usage, so each access is indistinguishable to any other access.
So what to do?

The fatrace option shows the most promise for FINALLY providing a tool that can show you aggregate usage of disk I/O based on files being accessed, rather than the processes doing the accessing.