documentclass[11pt]{scrartcl}
usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
usepackage{pgf}
usepackage{pgfplots}
usepgfplotslibrary{statistics, external}
usetikzlibrary{fit,calc}
usepackage{mathtools}
usepackage[ngerman]{babel}

newcommand*{boxplot}[6]{
% As seen in several examples
% #1: center, #2: median, #3: 1/4 quartile, #4: 3/4 quartile, #5: min, #6: max
  addplot+[
    line width=.2mm,
    black,
    boxplot prepared={
      lower whisker={#5},
      lower quartile={#3},
      median={#2},
      upper quartile={#4},
      upper whisker={#6},
      draw position = 10,
      box extend = 15,
      whisker extend = 17,
    }
  ]
  coordinates{};
}

begin{document}

begin{table}
  centering
  begin{tabular}{p{7.5cm}|p{7.5cm}}
    hline
      Wie wichtig ist es dir, dass du mit deinen Kommilitonen gut auskommst? &
    begin{tikzpicture}
      begin{axis}[
          height=2cm, width=7cm,
          ybar, ymax=19, ymin=0, ytick={0,19}, yticklabels={0,19},
          xmin=0, xmax=6, xtick={1,...,5}, xticklabels={$text{gar nicht}$,2,3,4,$text{sehr}$}
          ] addplot coordinates {(1,0) (2,0) (3,1) (4,8) (5,10)};
      end{axis}
    end{tikzpicture}
    hspace*{0.3cm}
    begin{tikzpicture}
      begin{axis}[
          height=2cm, width=7cm,
          ymin=0, ymax=19, ytick={0,19}, yticklabels={,},
          xmin=0, xmax=6, xtick={1,...,5}, xticklabels={$text{gar nicht}$,2,3,4,$text{sehr}$},
          boxplot/every median/.style={draw=red},
          ] boxplot{4.4736842105}{5}{3.91966759}{5.027700831}{3}{5}
      end{axis}
    end{tikzpicture}\
    hline
  end{tabular}
end{table}

end{document}