2015-08-08 Saturday: 3 Water

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 26 parts 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
and p. 29 part 6 - write a profile of an artist or entertainer who you enjoy (NOT (directly) FROM THE INTERNET)
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p. 26 part 3
1 paragraphs 1, 2, 4
2 paragraph 5
3 paragraph 3
part 4
1 flamenco
2 Italian food, McDonald’s
3 Barbie
4 1/5 of the world’s population speaks some English
5 Sesame Street
part 5
b - Globalization isn’t new, but the speed is
part 6
1 b (especially to introduce a new term or a new way of using a word)
2 a
3 a/b (not a specific person’s actual words, so it’s not the same kind of quote as 2 and 4)
4 a
I ate some very good “Mexican” food yesterday.
= Some people call it Mexican (and probably “Mexican” is in the name), but it’s not really authentic Mexican.
(this use is often ironic or sarcastic)
part 7
c (The author never explicitly gives her opinion, but we can infer that she thinks globalization is mostly good, because she never goes into any serious criticism of it.)
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p. 33 - What are the women doing? How much water do you drink a day? How much other water do you use?
p. 33 part 2 - guess which numbers complete which sentences about water
1 70
2 3
3 46
4 10
5 200
(We turn on and turn off the water, not open and close it.)
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p. 34 part 1 - with a partner, make sentences about the pictures with the activities and places in the boxes
A The people are diving in the ocean. The whale shark is swimming in the ocean.
B They are rafting in a river.
C The person is swimming in a cenote. (or in an underground pool / a lake in a cave)
pool < pond < lake < sea < ocean
part 3 - Do you do any of the activities in part 1?
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All of the activities in the first box are often used with “go”: go diving, go fishing, go swimming, etc.
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What verb tense did we use in part 1? - present continuous
If I tell the story about myself:
I was diving in the ocean while a shark was swimming near us.
They were rafting in a river.
The man was swimming in a cenote.
= past continuous - something that was happening at a specific moment in the past

All continuous tenses focus on the duration of an action, and on things that happen in the middle of that action.

She cooked dinner when I got home. = First I got home and then she cooked dinner.
(She had cooked dinner when I got home. = First she cooked dinner and then I got home.)
She was cooking dinner when I got home. = She was in the middle of cooking at the moment I got home.

When I got home, she cooked dinner.
(When I got home, she had (already) cooked dinner.)
When I got home, she was cooking dinner.

While she was cooking dinner, I got home.
I got home while she was cooking dinner. (while = during, we use it with actions that continue for some time)
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I got lost because I wasn’t paying attention. / Because I wasn’t paying attention, I got lost.
I wasn’t paying attention, so I got lost.
p. 35 part 10 - choose the correct form for each verb, and the correct conjunction (because, so, when, while)
1 I was taking a photo of the hippo when I dropped my camera in the river.
2 My friend fell out of the raft because he wasn’t holding on. (He should have held on continuously, so we use past continuous. If there was one sudden event, and he should have held on for a short time, we could say “he didn’t hold on”.)
3 I saw some strange fish while I was diving.
4 I had / was having some problems with my mask so my brother helped me.
(“I was having problems” - okay, because “have” can also mean “experience”, especially with words like “trouble”, “problems”, “fun”, “a good time”.)
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p. 36 - how much do you know about the Titanic?
part 1 - Read the article. What questions do the paragraphs answer?
1 b - How did the discovery of Titanic in 1985 come about?
2 a - Did you know you were looking at Titanic?
3 d - Tell me about the experience of seeing Titanic again in 2004.
part 2
1 They were looking for submarines that had sunk in the 1960s.
2 They felt joyful, and then sad when they remembered the people who had died there.
3 He felt disappointed about what people had done to Titanic.

In 1985 they were looking for submarines that had sunk in the 1960s.
- “were looking” = action in progress in 1985
- “had sunk” = something that happened before the main action of the sentence

perfect = [have] + past participle
present perfect = has/have + past participle
past perfect = had + past participle

She had cooked dinner before I got home. = She cooked dinner before I got home.
(With words like “before” and “after”, it’s not necessary to use past perfect, because the sequence is clear.)

In a story about 1985, everything that happened earlier (1960s or 1912) is in past perfect.
In a story about 2004, everything that happened between 1985 and 2004 is in past perfect.
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p. 37 part 7 - choose the correct form to complete each sentence
1 had been (it was at sea 4 days before it hit the iceberg)
2 sank (it sank after it hit the iceberg)
3 was
4 had disappeared
5 hadn’t located (other, earlier techniques hadn’t located it)
6 had visited
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By the time they sounded the alarm, it was already too late.
By the time they sounded the alarm, some people were already dead.
By the time they sounded the alarm, some people had already died.
By the time he found the ship, many things had already been lost.

“too late” started before they sounded the alarm, but it’s a condition that continues (forever)
“dead” is an adjective, and also is a condition that continues

“die” and “be lost” are actions which happened before the alarm and the discovery of the ship
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p. 37 part 8 - With your group answer the questions (using past perfect). You might have to guess for some of them.
1 The iceberg had been hidden in the dark. The ship hadn’t seen it soon enough.
2 The water was very cold. They hadn’t brought enough lifeboats. The captain of a nearby ship had decided to sleep instead of paying attention to the distress call.
3 People had used Titanic as entertainment, and had turned it into a freak show.
4 They had decided it would be an interesting place to get married.
5 He had decided he wanted to make a movie about it.
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BREAK
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Remember: in English, adjectives cannot be plural
“Classes are interactive and dynamic.” NOT “interactives and dynamics”

What part of speech are “quick”, “quiet”, and “sad”? - adjectives
What part of speech are “quickly”, “quietly”, and “sadly”? - adverbs

What is the adverb for “fast”? - “fast”
fast, hard, hourly/daily/weekly/monthly/yearly - these are adjectives AND adverbs

hardly = almost no / almost not
“I’m hardly working.” = “I’m almost not working.” = “I’m working very little.”
I have hardly any money. = I have almost no money.

We have a weekly class. (adjective)
I teach you weekly. (adverb)

I take a daily shower. (adjective)
I shower daily. (adverb)

The car is very fast. (adjective)
He drives very fast. (adverb)

English grammar is hard work. (adjective)
You must work hard to learn it. (adverb)
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Most words ending in -ly are adjective+ly adverbs. However, there is a group of noun+ly adverbs:
lovely, friendly, leisurely, motherly, fatherly, sisterly, brotherly
(To describe a verb, we use phrases like “in a [adjective] way”: He greeted her in a friendly way.)
(Also, -ly = “like”, so we can just say: He greeted her like a friend.)
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We can make -ly adverbs from most adjectives:
You can eat very cheaply in this city.
She was expensively dressed.
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p. 40 part 1 - Discuss the statements with your group. Are these things true for you?
“shaggy dog story” = a story (usually long and complex) that people expect to be a joke, but without a punchline
part 2 - which words do you think you’ll hear in the story about this picture?
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BschEXMGS-Q - parrot taking a bath)
parts 3 and 4 from the presentation tool
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Two weeks ago, Caitie taught you because I was at a wedding. (July 25) (“ago” = before now)
Two weeks before (that time), we were studying communication in unit 11. (July 11) (= two weeks earlier)

in two weeks = two weeks from now
after two weeks / two weeks later = two weeks from another time
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p. 41 - what is a blog? do you have a blog?
part 3 - put the sentences in the correct order and write the words the blog uses instead of the words in bold
6 a Ellie, Louis, and Oscar rushed down to the water.
2 b The sun came out.
1 c There was a storm. “It was pouring.”
7 d A ship lost a cargo of sneakers.
4 e They jumped into the car.
3 f They grabbed things to take to the beach.
5 g They headed down to the beach.
part 4b - what words are in the blog instead of these?
raining - pouring
full of people - packed
looking - staring out
arrived - got there
holding - clutching
scramble = climb quickly in a disordered way (a steep hill, for example, not a mountain)
wander = walk around slowly with no specific destination
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Homework: do the unit 3 test (you should look at p. 38 part 6 for uses of “get”)