CH06

authorization rules: One of the four security layers in Windows PowerShell Web Access that enables you to associate specific users with specific servers and specific session configurations.
session configuration: A collection of settings that create the environment in which remote users work after they connect to the computer.
Windows Remote Management (WinRM): A Windows feature that enables administrators to execute management commands and scripts on remote computers.


CH07

dynamic memory: A feature of Windows Server 2012 that enables Hyper-V to adjust the amount of RAM allocated to virtual machines.
guest integration services: A software package that you can install on your virtual machines for compatibility purposes when certain Hyper-V guest operating system features do not function properly using the OS’s own device drivers.
hypervisor: In virtualization, an abstraction layer that interacts directly with the computer’s physical hardware.
Hyper-V: A Windows Server 2008 role that implements hypervisor virtualization on the computer.
smart paging: A Dynamic Memory setting that makes it possible for Hyper-V to reduce the memory used by a virtual machine to a level lower than that needed to start the system.
virtual machine (VM): In virtualization, one of multiple separate operating environments on a single computer, in which you can install a separate copy of an operating system.
virtual machine monitor (VMM): A virtualization software component that enables administrators to create and manage virtual machines on a computer.

CH08

Differencing hard disk: In a VHD file, the child image associated with a specific parent image. The system writes all changes made to the data on the parent image file to the child image, to facilitate a rollback at a later time.
Dynamic hard disk: A type of VHD file that starts at a minimum size and then grows as needed to store the data written to it.
Fibre Channel: A high-speed serial networking technology that was originally designed for use with supercomputers, but is now associated primarily with storage area networking.
pass-through disk: A type of virtual disk that points not to an area of space on a physical disk, but to a physical disk drive itself, installed on the host computer.
snapshot: A captured image of the state, data, and hardware configuration of a VM at a particular moment in time.
storage area network (SAN): A dedicated, high-speed network that connects block-based storage devices to servers. Unlike NAS devices, SANs do not provide a file system implementation. SANs require a server to provide clients with access to the storage resources.
VHDX: A revised version of the virtual hard disk file format created by Microsoft, included in Windows Server 2012.


CH09

emulated adapter: In Hyper-V, a standard network adapter driver that communicates with the parent partition by making calls directly to the hypervisor.
external network switch: A type of Hyper-V virtual switch that provides connections external to the Hyper-V environment.
internal network switch: A type of Hyper-V virtual switch that is bound to a separate instance of the networking protocol stack in the host operating system, independent from the physical network interface adapter and its connected network.
legacy adapter: Another term for an emulated adapter.
private network switch: A type of Hyper-V virtual switch that exists only in the Hyper-V server and is accessible only to the virtual machines running on the child partitions.
synthetic adapter: A virtual device that does not correspond to a real-world product.
virtual switch: A logical layer 2 device created in Hyper-V that has an unlimited number of ports.
Virtualization Service Client (VSC): A component of the Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V environment that hosts synthetic network adapters in the child partition.
Virtualization Service Provider (VSP): A component of the Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V environment that hosts virtual switches in the parent partition.
VMBus: A high-speed communications conduit within the Hyper-V environment.

automatic allocation: In Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a method by which a DHCP server permanently assigns an IP address to a client computer from a scope.
centralized DHCP infrastructure: In Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a deployment model in which all of the DHCP servers are placed in a single location, such as a server closet or data center, and a DHCP relay agent is installed on each subnet, to enable the broadcast traffic on each subnet to reach the DHCP servers.
DHCP relay agent: A software component that receives the DHCP broadcast traffic on a subnet and then sends it on to particular DHCP servers on one or more other subnets.
distributed DHCP infrastructure: In Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a deployment model in which at least one DHCP server is installed on each of the network’s subnets.
dynamic allocation: In Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a method by which a DHCP server assigns an IP address to a client computer from a scope, or range of IP addresses, for a specified length of time.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): A service that automatically configures the Internet Protocol (IP) address and other TCP/IP settings on network computers by assigning addresses from a pool (called a scope) and reclaiming them when they are no longer in use.
manual allocation: In Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a method by which a DHCP server permanently assigns a specific IP address to a specific computer on the network.
preboot execution environment (PXE): A network adapter feature that enables a computer to connect to a server on the network and download the boot files it needs to run, rather than booting from a local drive.