Orangepi 5b emmc

Here is a working method to install 25.04 to emmc no errors memory out of bounds etc. works, updates and upgrades, working on a patch....

install 22.04 on emmc using the manual/RKdevtool is easiest
install 25.04 on sd using the manual/RKdevtool is easiest

in order for your sd card to see the emmc at this point you need to load into the os on the sd card
then nano armbianEnv.txt and add the b after the 5 in 5b.dtb at the end

fdtfile=rockchip/rk3588s-orangepi-5.dtb
fdtfile=rockchip/rk3588s-orangepi-5b.dtb

ssh into sd card from pc for convienence or work directly from the sd card

mount the emmc p1 and p2 to the sd card
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/emmc_boot
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/emmc_root
sudo mount /dev/mmcblk1p1 /mnt/emmc_boot
sudo mount /dev/mmcblk1p2 /mnt/emmc_root

remove all files on the emmc for both p1 and p2
sudo rm -rf /mnt/emmc_boot/*
sudo rm -rf /mnt/emmc_boot/.* 2>/dev/null
sudo rm -rf /mnt/emmc_root/*
sudo rm -rf /mnt/emmc_root/.* 2>/dev/null

verify
ls -al /mnt/emmc_boot
ls -al /mnt/emmc_root

double check the partition filetypes
lsblk -f
# Expected example:
# mmcblk0
# │
# ├─mmcblk0p1 vfat   FAT32 opi_boot 3B7A-605E 892.3M 13% /boot
# └─mmcblk0p2 ext4   1.0   opi_root 0e14f213-b9c9-436d-bab6-ce57355b7ef4 222.2G 1% /var/log.hdd

should be already configured properly

copy all the boot files from the sd card to p1 on the emmc
sudo rsync -avh --progress /boot/ /mnt/emmc_boot/
verify
ls -l /mnt/emmc_boot

after you copy the boot files over, make a couple new directories and move the dtb file into the right directory

mkdir /mnt/emmc_boot/dtb
mkdir /mnt/emmc_boot/dtb/rockchip

then rename dtb-6.1.115-vendor-rk35xx to dtb it will have a rockchip dir, and the file needed for the 5b
rk3588s-orangepi-5b.dtb

copy the Linux file system files to the p2 root
sudo rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/mnt/emmc_root","/proc","/sys","/dev","/tmp","/run","/media","/lost+found"} / /mnt/emmc_root/
verify
ls -l /mnt/emmc_root
sudo sync  # optional

find the new UUID for p2
sudo blkid /dev/mmcblk0p2

edit your armbianEnv.txt to load the root file system
sudo nano /mnt/emmc_boot/armbianEnv.txt
# Change/add line:
# rootdev=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx

edit /etc/fstab on the emmc root
sudo nano /mnt/emmc_root/etc/fstab
# Keep:
# tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,nosuid 0 0
# Delete the rest and add:
# <file system>                           <mount point>  <type>  <options>         <dump>  <pass>
# UUID=0e14f213-b9c9-436d-bab6-ce57355b7ef4  /              ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1
# UUID=3B7A-605E                             /boot          vfat    defaults          0       2
verify
cat /mnt/emmc_root/etc/fstab

create additional directories to complete uInitrd creation
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/emmc_root/{dev,proc,sys,boot,tmp,run,media}

mount these directories
mount --bind /dev /mnt/emmc_root/dev
mount --bind /proc /mnt/emmc_root/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/emmc_root/sys
mount --bind /run /mnt/emmc_root/run
verify
mount | grep emmc_root

mount the emmc_boot to emmc_root/boot
mount --bind /mnt/emmc_boot /mnt/emmc_root/boot
verify
ls /mnt/emmc_root/boot

chroot into emmc_root
chroot /mnt/emmc_root /bin/bash
verify
ls /boot
uname -r
cat /etc/os-release

if it fails, create missing boot dir
mkdir -p /mnt/emmc_root/boot
mount --bind /mnt/emmc_boot /mnt/emmc_root/boot
chroot again and verify

create new initramfs
update-initramfs -c -k 6.1.115-vendor-rk35xx
verify
ls -lh /boot/initrd.img-6.1.115-vendor-rk35xx
ls -lh /boot/uInitrd /boot/initrd.img-6.1.115-vendor-rk35xx

exit chroot
exit

verify everything on sd card filesystem
ls -lh /mnt/emmc_boot/uInitrd /mnt/emmc_boot/initrd.img-6.1.115-vendor-rk35xx

create an image copy named Image
mount | grep emmc_boot
sudo mount -o remount,rw /mnt/emmc_boot
sudo cp vmlinuz-6.1.115-vendor-rk35xx Image
verify
ls -lh Image uInitrd

edit boot.cmd
# Change:
# setenv rootdev "/dev/mmcblk0p1"
# To:
# setenv rootdev "/dev/mmcblk0p2"

compile boot.cmd to boot.scr
mkimage -C none -A arm -T script -d /mnt/emmc_boot/boot.cmd /mnt/emmc_boot/boot.scr