Static and Dynamic Equilibrium
Inquiry question: What happens when chemical reactions do not go through to completion?

Students:
●	conduct practical investigations to analyse the reversibility of chemical reactions, for example:
–	cobalt(II) chloride hydrated and dehydrated
–	iron(III) nitrate and potassium thiocyanate
–	burning magnesium
–	burning steel wool (ACSCH090)
●	model static and dynamic equilibrium and analyse the differences between open and closed systems (ACSCH079, ACSCH091)
●	analyse examples of non-equilibrium systems in terms of the effect of entropy and enthalpy, for example:
–	combustion reactions
–	photosynthesis
●	investigate the relationship between collision theory and reaction rate in order to analyse chemical equilibrium reactions Factors that Affect Equilibrium
Inquiry question: What factors affect equilibrium and how?

Students:
●	investigate the effects of temperature, concentration, volume and/or pressure on a system at equilibrium and explain how Le Chatelier’s principle can be used to predict such effects, for example:
–	heating cobalt(II) chloride hydrate
–	interaction between nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide
–	iron(III) thiocyanate and varying concentration of ions (ACSCH095)
●	explain the overall observations about equilibrium in terms of the collision theory (ACSCH094)
●	examine how activation energy and heat of reaction affect the position of equilibrium
Calculating the Equilibrium Constant (Keq)
Inquiry question: How can the position of equilibrium be described and what does the equilibrium constant represent?

Students:
●	deduce the equilibrium expression (in terms of Keq) for homogeneous reactions occurring in solution
●	perform calculations to find the value of Keq and concentrations of substances within an equilibrium system, and use these values to make predictions on the direction in which a reaction may proceed
●	qualitatively analyse the effect of temperature on the value of Keq (ACSCH093)
●	conduct an investigation to determine Keq of a chemical equilibrium system, for example:
–	Keq of the iron(III) thiocyanate equilibrium (ACSCH096)
●	explore the use of Keq for different types of chemical reactions, including but not limited to:
–	dissociation of ionic solutions
–	dissociation of acids and bases (ACSCH098, ACSCH099)
Solution Equilibria
Inquiry question: How does solubility relate to chemical equilibrium?

Students:
●	describe and analyse the processes involved in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water
●	investigate the use of solubility equilibria by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples when removing toxicity from foods, for example:
–	toxins in cycad fruit
●	conduct an investigation to determine solubility rules, and predict and analyse the composition of substances when two ionic solutions are mixed, for example:
–	potassium chloride and silver nitrate (KCl + AgNO3 -> KNO3 + AgCl)
–	potassium iodide and lead nitrate
–	sodium sulfate and barium nitrate
●	derive equilibrium expressions for saturated solutions in terms of Ksp and calculate the solubility of an ionic substance from its Ksp value
●	predict the formation of a precipitate given the standard reference values for Ksp