2015-05-04 Structure: causatives and pronunciation

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 162 exercise 4 and p. 163 exercise 5
exercise 4
2 made her drive (She let her borrow the car.)
3 let John borrow
4 didn’t let him use
5 helped them choose
6 didn’t get him to read (/ couldn’t get him to read)
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She made him do it. = He did it.
She got him to do it. = He did it.
She had him do it. = He did it.
She let him do it. = He did it.
She helped him (to) do it. = They did it together.

She didn’t make him do it. = He didn’t do it. OR: He did it because he wanted to.
She didn’t get him to do it. = He didn’t do it. (He didn’t want to, she couldn’t convince him.)
She didn’t have him do it. = He didn’t do it (because she didn’t ask).
She didn’t let him do it. = He didn’t do it (because he was not permitted).
She didn’t help him (to) do it. = He didn’t do it. OR: He did it with no help.
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(Other verbs that have similar meanings, like “force”, “convince”, “instruct”, “ask”, “permit”, and “allow”, ALWAYS use the infinitive. They’re in list 5 on p. A-3.)
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p. 163 exercise 5
- We make this animal live in a small
- orcas have helped us learn about these animals
- trainers make them perform
- help us learn about their lives
- Don’t let these beautiful animals suffer in order to entertain us!
- get your friends and family to stop also
- aquariums must let others retrain these animals
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p. 167 (all) with a partner
part A
1 helped
2 had
3 made
4 let
5 got
part B
1 didn’t let me have
2 got them to give
3 made me walk
4 had me feed
5 didn’t help me take
6 got him to give
7 let them have
part C
- helped me adjust to moving here (“to” is a preposition)
- My parents got me to join some school clubs
- helped me improve my soccer game
- never let me stay home
- She made me get out and do things.
- they had her call on me a lot
- They got me to walk
- The fact that so many people wanted to help me made me realize that I was not alone.
  ^^^^^^^^^^^(noun clause as subject)^^^^^^^^^^^                 (n. clause as object)
A: So many people wanted to help me.
B: I was not alone.
“A made me realize B.”
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clause: a group of words with a subject and verb
noun clause: a clause that functions like a noun (it can be a subject, object, or complement)
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She got me to read it. = She convinced me.
She got me a gift. = She bought it for me. (“get” = “obtain”)
She got sick. = She became sick. (“get” = “become” = she wasn’t, then she was)
She got home. = She arrived home.
She got to visit her friends. = She was permitted to visit them.
                              = Someone let her visit them.
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p. 165
let her go = “let’er go”
made him work = “made’im work”
got them to come = “got’em to come”

You’ve got to get them to get another book.
      (gotta) (get’em)

These pronunciation changes are called “reduction”, and they happen in all languages and dialects, especially when people speak informally.