Namedtuple

"""
"""
from collections import namedtuple

# Defining a namedtuple
Person = namedtuple('Person', ['name', 'age', 'city'])

# Creating instances of namedtuple
person1 = Person(name='Alice', age=25, city='New York')
person2 = Person(name='Bob', age=30, city='Los Angeles')

# Accessing fields
print(person1.name)   # Output: Alice
print(person1.age)    # Output: 25
print(person1.city)   # Output: New York

# Accessing fields by index
print(person2[0])     # Output: Bob
print(person2[1])     # Output: 30
print(person2[2])     # Output: Los Angeles

# Accessing fields using _fields attribute
print(person1._fields)  # Output: ('name', 'age', 'city')

# Converting namedtuple to a dictionary
person1_dict = person1._asdict()
print(person1_dict)  # Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}

# Replacing fields
person1_updated = person1._replace(age=26)
print(person1_updated)  # Output: Person(name='Alice', age=26, city='New York')

# Creating a namedtuple from a dictionary
person_data = {'name': 'Charlie', 'age': 35, 'city': 'Chicago'}
person3 = Person(**person_data)
print(person3)  # Output: Person(name='Charlie', age=35, city='Chicago')

# Using namedtuple with default values (requires Python 3.7+)
from collections import namedtuple

# Define a namedtuple with default values
PersonWithDefaults = namedtuple('PersonWithDefaults', ['name', 'age', 'city', 'email'])
PersonWithDefaults.__new__.__defaults__ = ('unknown', 'unknown', 'unknown', 'not_provided')

# Create instances using default values
person4 = PersonWithDefaults(name='Daisy')
print(person4)  # Output: PersonWithDefaults(name='Daisy', age='unknown', city='unknown', email='not_provided')

# Unpacking namedtuple
name, age, city = person1
print(name, age, city)  # Output: Alice 25 New York