2016-03-09 Core: 10 mars and high altitude

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: read the article about Mars on p. 120 and do parts 1, 2, 3 below it
part 1
1 F
2 T
3 T
4 T
part 2
1 It shows how Mars could be transformed into a green planet like Earth in 600 years. (terraforming)
2 Because it shows the conditions before and after this change.
3 To adapt Mars to conditions like Earth. To allow people to survive on Mars.
part 3
a 2
b 3
c 1
d 4
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part 5 - Discuss these statements in groups of three. (Do you agree or disagree, and why?)
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Grammar: Second Conditional = Present/Future Unreal Conditional
If we warmed it up and threw in some seeds, plants would grow there.
If I were an astronaut, I wouldn’t be happy about the six-month journey!

if + [past without “was”], subj + would/could/might + base form
subj + would/could/might + base form + if + [past without “was”]

I think we’ll need to colonize other planets if we don’t change our habits on Earth.
- First conditional, because it’s about a real possibility in the future

I would like to live on Mars (if I had the opportunity). - Many sentences with “would” have a meaning like the second conditional.

I would quit (if I were you). (“if I was you” is okay, but more informal)
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part 10 - complete the questions individually, then check with a partner and answer the questions with information from the reading
1 had, would be - go to Mars and create a base
2 would it take - six months
3 Would it be - yes
4 would happen / could happen / might happen, melted - it would release carbon dioxide
5 would...change, increased - The temperature would go up.
6 could we learn / might we learn - We might learn to manage our limited Earth better.

If I had more money, I would buy a car. (I’m sure about this prediction.)
If I had more money, I could buy a car, but I wouldn’t. (I would have the ability to do it.)
If I had more money, I might buy a car, but I’m not sure. (I’m not sure about this prediction.)
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part 12 - Make lists of positive and negative aspects of each of these things, then compare your lists with the other half of your group. Who has the more convincing ideas?
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http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/1/11138102/scott-kelly-year-in-space-health-effects-return-to-earth - Story about a man who has been in space for a year, and what changes have happened to his body in that time.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overview_effect - A change in perspective that sometimes happens when people see the Earth from space (or the surface of the Moon).
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZwAadwzeYemx8YbRQOU3garb5FHF5Wa4 - videos from the International Space Station
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BREAK
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If you had to move to another city in the world and live the rest of your life there, where would you go, what five things would you bring with you (you can’t bring anything else), and why?

*He would go in L.A.
He would go to L.A.

Marina likes to move to L.A. (= She does it frequently and enjoys it.)
-> Marina would like to move to L.A.
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Present/Future Wishes:
I don’t have any pets, but I wish I had pets.
I don’t have any pets, but I wish I did.
I’m not rich, but I wish I were.

wish + [past without “was”]

I wish I had more money. I wish I knew Spanish. I wish she lived closer. She wishes I lived closer.
If I had more money, I would be happier.
If I knew Spanish, I would be happier.
If she lived closer, I would be happier.
If I lived closer, she would be happier.
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Wishes are for unreal situations, hopes are for (possibly) real situations.
I wish you lived nearby. (I know you don’t live nearby.)
I hope you live nearby. (I don’t know where you live, but maybe it’s near.)

I wish you locked the door when you left. = You don’t lock the door when you leave, and that’s bad.
I hope you locked the door when you left. = Maybe you locked it, but I’m not sure.
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“could” is the past of “can”, and also the conditional:

If I could speak Spanish better, I could travel in most of South America.
(If I were able to speak Spanish, I would be able to travel in most of South America.)

I wish I could speak Spanish better.
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p. 120 (after part 5) - Wordbuilding

[noun] + -ful = adjective (with a lot of [noun])
[noun] + -less = adjective (without any [noun])

hopeful / hopeless
careful / careless
helpful / helpless

beautiful / -
peaceful / -
wonderful / -
awful / -

- / homeless
- / wireless
- / paperless
- / breathless
(These are often things where you have 1 or 0, never a lot.)

(watery) / waterless
(sunny) / sunless
(sugary) / sugarless
(cloudy) / cloudless
(Other times, the -ful word doesn’t exist because we already have a -y word in its place.)
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https://books.google.com/ngrams/ - type a word or phrase to see how common it is now and in the past, in English books
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p. 126-127 - high-altitude people
part 2 - What things do you think you’ll see in this video about people who live at high elevations.
Watch and check.
part 4 - Watch again and match the people with their adaptations.
part 5 - Watch a final time and answer the questions.
1 lack of oxygen (hypoxia: hypo = low or below, oxia = oxygen)
2 How native Tibetans have adapted to their environment.
3 a make fire
  b use it to keep warm
  c take it with them
4 It may tell us whether people are genetically adapted to high altitudes.
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“three high-altitude peoples” - why “peoples”?
“a people” in this case means a cultural or ethnic group

(We also sometimes see “persons” as the plural of “person” in formal situations, especially legal documents.)
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p. 122 part 1 - What is common between the people in the box? - b
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Homework: read about the people on p. 123 and do p. 122 parts 2, 5, and 6