2017-07-11 TOEFL: word roots, reading inference

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-to-spot-a-misleading-graph-lea-gaslowitz
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Word Roots (list 1) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
act = do (This is related to the roots of “agent” and “execute”.)
ab = away/out
ad = toward
aer/aero = air
agri/agro = farm
ambi = both
amb/ambul = walk
ami/amo = love/friendship
andro = man (sometimes as in “mankind”, but more often as in “male”, not female, the root for which is “gyn”)
anim = life/spirit/movement (Plants are alive but not animated.)
ann/enn = year
ante/anti = before
anthropo = humanity
anti = against
aqua = water (sometimes fresh water as opposed to salt water)
arch = first/primary/most important
archa = first/oldest
art = skill
astro = star
aud/audi = hear
auto = self
bell = war (“antebellum” before the (US Civil) war)
bene = good
bio = life
cept/ceive = take/catch (The root is also related to words like “capture” and “captive”.)
cardi = heart
carn = meat/flesh
cede/ceed = go
cent = hundred(th)
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Infer = Draw a conclusion from the information you have (but the information only implies your conclusion, it doesn’t state it directly).
Questions about inferences might ask what you can infer from the passage, or about what the text or speaker implies, or about what is probably true.
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Reading Question Types:
- inference
- paraphrase
- vocabulary
- reference
- fact
- negative fact
- purpose
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
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DELTA p. 76 - Read the paragraphs and answer the two inference questions in the boxes.
1 C
2 D
p. 77 has examples of what reading inference questions look like and describes wrong answers
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p. 80-81 - Take 4 minutes to read the passages and answer the questions. Then check your answers with your partner and try to convince them of your answer if you disagree.
1 B
2 A (It’s a family of birds that includes crows and ravens.)
3 C
4 C
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 200-201 exercise R15 - Choose all the correct inferences that can be made from each sentence. Then compare your answers with your partner and try to convince them of your answer if you disagree. (Sometimes TWO answers are correct.)
1 C
2 B
3 B D
4 A B
5 B C
6 B D
7 A C
8 B - “unsurpassed for controlling pain” means no other drug (including cocaine) is better for controlling pain
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p. 202-203 exercise R16 - Underline words in each paragraph with the information needed to make each inference. (Do this for passages 1-5)
1 “Unlike other toads…nearly voiceless…attracts its mate through...color.” “as effective as croaking in luring females during the mating season”
2 “after a devastating earthquake” “...have all taken their toll”
3 “medical authorities are skeptical of the treatment”
4 “lacks the barebules that are needed…”
5 “who had dictated what was to be carved”
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p. 204 exercise R17 - Decide if each sentence is a correct inference or not.
1 Yes
2 Yes
3 No
4 Yes
5 No
6 Yes
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p. 205 exercise R18 - Is each statement an Inference, a Restatement, or neither?
In the example:
A. R - “convicted of espionage” directly tells us the same thing as “found guilty of spying”
B. I - We’re not told this directly, but we can infer it from the fact that the US exchanged him for Powers.
C. nothing - There is no information about the purpose of the helicopter flight.
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Homework: p. 205-207 exercise R18 AND (Cengage) p. 64-66 exercise 3.1