Qanshi-Class Battleship [1892] (Zhuoteng)

Qanshi-Class, Zhuoteng Empire Battleship laid down 1892

Displacement:
	8,148 t light; 8,866 t standard; 9,677 t normal; 10,325 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(400.26 ft / 393.70 ft) x 73.82 ft x (26.25 / 27.48 ft)
	(122.00 m / 120.00 m) x 22.50 m  x (8.00 / 8.38 m)

Armament:
      4 - 11.65" / 296 mm 38.0 cal guns - 745.69lbs / 338.24kg shells, 100 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1889 Model
	  2 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      12 - 5.91" / 150 mm 50.0 cal guns - 109.02lbs / 49.45kg shells, 250 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1892 Model
	  12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		8 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in all but light seas
      16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 23.55lbs / 10.68kg shells, 500 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
	  16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		8 raised mounts
      16 - 3.94" / 100 mm 160.0 cal guns - 32.56lbs / 14.77kg shells, 250 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1872 Model
	  4 x 2 row quad mounts on sides, evenly spread
		4 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 5,189 lbs / 2,354 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      2 - 16.5" / 420 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.309 t each, 0.618 t total
	submerged bow & stern tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      8 - 16.5" / 420 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.309 t each, 2.470 t total
	below water reloads

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Ends:	Unarmoured

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
		1.97" / 50 mm	278.87 ft / 85.00 m	24.08 ft / 7.34 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 54.13 ft / 16.50 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	9.84" / 250 mm	5.91" / 150 mm		12.8" / 325 mm
	2nd:	3.94" / 100 mm	2.95" / 75 mm		4.92" / 125 mm
	3rd:	1.97" / 50 mm	0.98" / 25 mm		      -

   - Protected deck - multiple decks:
	For and Aft decks: 5.91" / 150 mm
	Forecastle: 5.91" / 150 mm  Quarter deck: 5.91" / 150 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 14.17" / 360 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
	Direct drive, 2 shafts, 5,352 ihp / 3,993 Kw = 15.00 kts
	Range 2,000nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 1,459 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	487 - 634

Cost:
	£0.833 million / $3.332 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 1,072 tons, 11.1 %
	   - Guns: 1,067 tons, 11.0 %
	   - Weapons: 4 tons, 0.0 %
	Armour: 3,481 tons, 36.0 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 489 tons, 5.1 %
	   - Armament: 821 tons, 8.5 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,032 tons, 21.0 %
	   - Conning Tower: 139 tons, 1.4 %
	Machinery: 956 tons, 9.9 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,540 tons, 26.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,529 tons, 15.8 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 100 tons, 1.0 %
	   - Above deck: 100 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  12,743 lbs / 5,780 Kg = 16.1 x 11.7 " / 296 mm shells or 12.4 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.41
	Metacentric height 5.8 ft / 1.8 m
	Roll period: 12.9 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 79 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.32
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.57

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck,
	  a ram bow and a cruiser stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.444 / 0.453
	Length to Beam Ratio: 5.33 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 19.84 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 34 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	20.00 %,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m,  13.94 ft / 4.25 m
	   - Forward deck:	30.00 %,  13.94 ft / 4.25 m,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m
	   - Aft deck:	35.00 %,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m
	   - Quarter deck:	15.00 %,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m
	   - Average freeboard:		12.54 ft / 3.82 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 101.5 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 87.0 %
	Waterplane Area: 18,448 Square feet or 1,714 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 137 lbs/sq ft or 670 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.90
		- Longitudinal: 2.44
		- Overall: 1.00
	Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Cramped accommodation and workspace room
	Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
	Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather