//Pointers:-Variables That Stores Address of another variable
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int a = 5;
    int* p; //p is pointer to integer
    p = &a;// p store address of a
    //cout << *p<<endl; //* this called derefrencing
       //         Pointer Airthmetic
    int b = 10;
    int* ptr = &b;
    //cout << ptr<<endl;//address of b
    //cout << ptr + 1 << endl;//address of b+1 means 4bytes aage ka address par jaye ga
    //Void Pointer
    void* po;
    po = &b; //we can't dereference or pointer Airthmeic
    //Pointer To Pointer
    int x = 5;
    int* pt = &x;//pointer to integer
    *pt = 6;
    int** q =& pt;//pointer to pointer to integer
    int*** r = &q;//pointer to pointer to poiner to integer
    cout << *pt << endl;//6
    cout << *q << endl;//Address of x
    cout << &x << endl;//Address of x
    cout << *(*q) << endl;//6
    cout << *(*r) << endl;//Address of x
    cout << *(*(*r)) << endl;//Value of x 6
    cout << r << endl;//Address of q
    cout << &q << endl;//Address of q
    cout << *r << endl;//Address of pt
    cout << &pt << endl;//Address of pt
    //            Pointers And Arrays
    //Arrays is a collection of elements of the same data type ,store in contiguous memory locations
    int A[5] = { 2,4,5,8,1 };
    int* ptrArr;
    ptrArr = A;//OR p = &A[0] It will store Address of first element of array
    cout << "Pointers And Arrays"<<endl;
    cout << A<<endl;//Address of A OR A[0] OR (A+0)
    cout << *A << endl;//Value At 0 index :-2
    //When we pass array as function arguments so it will pass as call by reference means so the address of arrays goes not values of array
    //Ex
    //int sumOfArray(int A[]) OR (int* A)
    //              Character Arrays And Pointers
    //How To Store Strings
    //size of array>= no of character in string+1
    //Ex Like "John" size>=5  one extra space of null teriminated character '\0'
    cout << "Character Array And pointer"<<endl;
    char c[8];
    c[0] = 'j';
    c[1] = 'o';
    c[2] = 'h';
    c[3] = 'n';

    cout << c<<endl;//without Null Terminated  '\0'
    c[4] = '\0';
    cout << c << endl;//with Null Terminated  '\0'
    //We can Write Like This
    char ch[20] = "john";
    char chh[] = "john";
    char chhh[] = { 'j','o','h','n' };
    cout << ch << endl;
    cout << chh << endl;
    cout << chh << endl;
    //Arrays and Pointers Are diffreent types that are used in similar manner
    char c1[6] = "hello";
    char* c2;
    c2 = c1;
    cout << c2[1]<<endl;//e
    c2[0] = 'A';// "Aello";
    cout << c2<<endl;
    //c2[i] OR *(c2+i)
    cout << *(c2 + 1)<<endl;
    //c1=c2;(Wrong) , c1=c1+1;(Wrong),c2++;(right)
    // char* st= "hlw";his error occurs because the string literal "hlw" is a constant string,
    //which is stored in read-only memory. When you declare a pointer to this string using the statement:
    const char* st = "hlw";
    //        Pointers And Multi-dimensional Array



}