# lecture 6, collections!
print("Welcome!")

# NEW FILE

# a list of 4 products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge"]

# access the second element
# first index starts from zero!
p = products[1]

# print it out
print(p)

# NEW FILE

# a list of 4 products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge"]

# ask the index from the user
choice = input("Which product do you want to see?\n")
choice = int(choice)

# get the product with given index
p = products[choice]
print(p)

# NEW FILE

# a list of 4 products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge", "Oven"]

# ask the index from the user
choice = input("Which product do you want to see?\n")
choice = int(choice)

# get the amount of elements in the list (products)
amount = len(products)

# the given index has to be between 0 and amount of products
if choice < amount and choice >= 0:
    # get the product with given index
    p = products[choice]
    print(p)
else:
    print("That product does not exist! (bad index)")

# NEW FILE

# a list of 4 products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge", "Oven"]

# loop through the items in list
for p in products:
    print(p)

# try also:
# print(f"Product name: {p}")

# NEW FILE

# a list of 5 products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge", "Oven", "Clock"]

amount = len(products)

# loop through products and print a numbered list
# index contains the index number
# p contains the actual product
for index in range(amount):
    p = products[index]
    print(f"{index + 1}. {p}")

# NEW FILE
# tuple uses normal parentheses
weekdays = ("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday")

# ask the number from user
choice = input("Which weekday?\n")

# collections start at 0, but user might
# want to user the actual numbers, therefore - 1
# for example, if user gives 3, we transform it to 2,
# which is then, Wednesday
choice = int(choice) - 1

# print out the required weekday
print(weekdays[choice])

# NEW FILE

# a list of 5 products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge", "Oven", "Clock"]

# change the 3rd element to Television
products[2] = "Television"

# let's quickly see if this worked:
# print(products)

# ask user the index that we want to change
choice = input("Which product do you want to change?\n")
choice = int(choice)

# ask user what is the replacement value
new_product = input("What is the new product?\n")

# change the actual product
products[choice] = new_product

# test quickly what is inside the list now
# use print(products) only for testing, for final
# code, always use indexes or print in a loop
print(products)

# NEW FILE

# person-dictionary, consists of 3 different data: name, age and city
person = {
    "name": "John Doe",
    "age": 33,
    "city": "Rovaniemi"
}

# print out only the person name
print("Person name:")
print(person["name"])

print()

# print out only the person age
age = person['age']

print("Person age:")
print(f"{age} years old.")

# NEW FILE

day_1 = [0.5, 1.4, 2.5, 3.4]
day_2 = [1.2, 1.1, 2.8, 3.9]
day_3 = [0.2, 2.4, 1.1, 0.7]

# list of lists, contains three days
# each day contains 4 temperatures
temperatures = [day_1, day_2, day_3]

# loop through all days in list (3 days in total)
for day in temperatures:
    print("\nNew day!")

    # loop through all temperatures in one day (4 temperatures in total)
    for t in day:
        print(t)


print("All done!")

# NEW FILE

# try this version in Python Tutor to see what happens in the background!
temperatures = [[0.5, 1.4, 2.5, 3.4], [1.2, 1.1, 2.8, 3.9], [0.2, 2.4, 1.1, 0.7]]

# loop through all days in list (3 days in total)
for day in temperatures:
    print("\nNew day!")

    # loop through all temperatures in one day (4 temperatures in total)
    for t in day:
        print(t)


print("All done!")

# NEW FILE

book = {
    "name": "My Lady Jane",
    "year": 2016,
    "publisher": {
        "name": "HarperTeen",
        "organization": "HarperCollins Publishers",
        "location": "New York"
    }
}

# name and year are simple, just get the data
name = book['name']
print(name)

year = book['year']
print(year)

# publisher is another dictionary, so we need to access it with chained
# accessors

# approach 1, use helper variables
publisher = book["publisher"]
publisher_location = publisher['location']
print(publisher_location)

# approach 2, get the directly
publisher_location = book['publisher']['location']
print(publisher_location)

# NEW FILE

text = "HOTEL"

# a string is basically a list of characters in certain order!
for character in text:
    print(character)

# NEW FILE

# try replacing text with "ORDER1412332_C156786_2022"
# you'll notice the substring logic will break!
text = "ORDER1432_C1786_2022"

# get the pieces of order!
order = text[0:9]
print(order)

customer = text[10:15]
print(customer)

year = text[-4:]
print(year)

# NEW FILE, BETTER WAY, USE SPLIT

# try replacing text with "ORDER1412332_C156786_2022"
# you'll notice the substring logic will break!
text = "ORDER1423132_C17123286_2022"

# remember, parts is a LIST of three elements
# by using split(), it doesn't matter how long
# different parts are! this works always!
parts = text.split("_")

# first part is the order code
order = parts[0]
print(order)

# second part is the client id
customer = parts[1]
print(customer)

# third part is the year
year = parts[2]
print(year)

# NEW FILE

# TRY THIS EXAMPLE IN PYTHON TUTOR!

cities = ["rovaniemi", "oulu", "helsinki", "stockholm", "madrid", "london", "amsterdam"]

# initialize two empty lists
short_city_names = []
long_city_names = []

# loop through all cities
for city in cities:
    # if city name is longer than 6 letters => add it to long city names
    if len(city) > 6:
        long_city_names.append(city)
    else:
        # otherwise add it to short city names
        short_city_names.append(city)

# let's see what's inside now
print(long_city_names)
print(short_city_names)

# NEW FILE

cities = ["oulu", "helsinki", "stockholm", "rovaniemi", "madrid", "london", "amsterdam"]

# loop through all cities
for city in cities:
    # when the first long city name is found, break out of loop
    if len(city) > 8:
        print("The first long city name we found, was:")
        print(city)
        break

# NEW FILE

cities = ["oulu", "helsinki", "stockholm", "rovaniemi", "madrid", "london", "amsterdam"]

# loop through all cities
for city in cities:
    # if the city name is long, skip the cycle
    if len(city) > 8:
        continue

    print(city)

# NEW FILE

# combining lists is very easy in Python
foods = ["banana", "apple", "cherry"]
drinks = ["water", "tea", "coffee"]

everything = foods + drinks
print(everything)

# NEW FILE

grades = [1, 3, 5, 4, 3, 4, 3, 2, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5]

# get the total sum and amount of values
total = sum(grades)
amount = len(grades)

# average => total sum of values / number of values
# if you use lists, you can do neat tricks like this:
average = total / amount
average = round(average, 1)
print(average)

# NEW FILE

cities = ["Rovaniemi", "Helsinki", "Athens", "mikkeli", "Stockholm", "Madrid"]

# note, sort(), you don't assign a variable
cities.sort()

# create a new version of the list, sorted()
# sorted also works tuples and dictionaries
cities = sorted(cities)

# if you also want to take account lower and capital letters
cities.sort(key=lambda v: v.upper())

print(cities)