2017-03-02 TOEFL: speaking 4, compare/contrast

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework (optional): Write a self-evaluation of your essay practice from today. If you’ve written for me before, what do you think you did better or worse this time than previously. What will you try to work on improving for next time.
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Speaking Section: third section, after the break that follows listening
six tasks, always in the same order:
1 independent, open-ended (15 seconds to prepare, 45 seconds to speak)
2 independent, choice (15 / 45) (similar to independent writing)
3 integrated reading/listening/speaking, announcement and conversation (30 / 60)
4 integrated reading/listening/speaking, academic text and lecture (30 / 60) (similar to integrated writing)
5 integrated listening/speaking, conversation about a problems and solutions (20 / 60)
6 integrated listening/speaking, academic lecture (20 / 60)
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Speaking Task 4 - read a text about an acaemid topic, then listen to a professor talk about the same topic, then answer the question
Handout (Cengage) p. 476 - Take 45 seconds to read the text. (Take notes, because this is the only time you’ll see this text.)
Then listen to the lecture and take notes.
p. 478 Task B - Read and take notes, then listen and take notes. Answer the questions on p. 479.
p. 479 Task C - Read and listen, and answer the questions on p. 480.
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Typical task 4 prompts:
Explain _____ and how the examples given by the professor illustrate the concept.
The professor describes _____. Explain how _____ is an example of _____.
Use the examples from the lecture to explain the concept of _____.
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DELTA p. 297 - Read the text about role conflict and take notes. Then listen and take notes.
Take 5 minutes to prepare a “perfect” response to the prompt.
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General task 4 response:
1 summarize the main definition, concept, or problem from the reading
2 topic statement: what does the professor say about specific information in the lecture and how it relates to the general idea? (Does the professor give examples of the concept? Illustrations of the definition? Solutions to the problem?)
3 summary of the first example/solution/illustration and how it relates to the reading
4 summary of the second example/solution/illustration and how it relates
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Cambridge symbiosis example (p. 472, CD7.11)
Reading:
Topic - symbiosis: an “intimate” relationship between two organisms
mutualism: both species get benefits (+/+)
parasitism: one benefits and the other is harmed (+/-)
commensalism: one benefits and the other doesn’t get benefit or harm (+/0)
    two types - obligate and facultative
    obligate = the species that benefits can’t survive without the other species
    facultative = the species can survive by itself
Listening:
summary of the three types of relationships
sometimes we don’t know which:
bee orchid and bees - helps the orchid, we don’t know how it affects the bees
sometimes the relationship changes:
	bacteria on skin - normally C (helps bac. doesn’t affect us), but after a burn can cause infection, which is P because it harms us
	shrimp and crabs on coral - normally C (helps animals doesn’t affect coral), but when starfish attack the animals help the coral (becomes M)
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 The question is only about two examples where the type of relationship changes. You will not talk about the bee orchid.
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ETS Guide practice tests - Record your responses to question 4 from the first test
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BREAK
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Record your responses to question 4 from the other two tests.
Listen to your recordings and choose the one that is least bad.
Listen to the other responses. Did they include all of the important information? Was their grammar and pronunciation easy to understand?
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Vocabulary: comparing and contrasting
With your partner, complete the sentences showing similarities and differences with the words and phrases from the top of the page. (Sometimes multiple answers are possible for the same sentence, and some words or phrases will be used more than once.)
1 similarities between
2 Both...and
3 have in common, both
4 In the same way / Similarly / Likewise, also / likewise (if you didn’t start with “likewise”)
5 Like / Similar(ly) to / In the same way as (you need a preposition before “painting”)
6 resemble / are similar to
7 Neither...nor (Notice that after “neither...nor” we use the singular verb “is”.)
8 difference between
9 While / Whereas
10 however / on the other hand / in contrast
11 In contrast to / Unlike / Compared to (personally, I would only use “compared to” if the sentence has a comparative word or expression)
12 differs from / is different from
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Homework: p. 21 of the handout (Collins)