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- 1.1. Presentation
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- MobaXterm is a toolbox for working in a professional computer environment: it contains a complete set of remote clients (SSH, Telnet, Rlogin, RDP, VNC, XDMCP, FTP, SFTP, Serial), an X11 server and several Unix commands packaged in a multitab environment. The aim of MobaXterm is to allow professional users such as system administrators, developpers, website designers and all other computer users to perform remote tasks easily.
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- MobaXterm main window
- 1.2. Sessions
- MobaXterm allows you to launch remote sessions. You just have to click on the "Sessions" button to start a new session.
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- The "Session" button
- You can then choose to create a new SSH, Telnet, Rlogin, RDP, VNC, XDMCP, FTP, SFTP or Serial session. Every session you start is automatically saved.
- The "sessions" window
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- You can edit, delete, move, import or export sessions by right-clicking on them in the left MobaXterm sidebar. You can also create a desktop shortcut in order to automatically launch a session or a group of sessions at MobaXterm startup.
- Right-clicking on a session folder allows you to launch several sessions at once. It can be really useful when you often work using the same environment and the same opened sessions.
- 1.3. Unix-like terminal with bash shell
- MobaXterm features a great terminal with a bash shell script which allows users to run Unix commands as if they were logged on a GNU/Linux computer. There are several Unix commands available inside the terminal: ssh, telnet, rlogin, rsh, rsync, wget, vim, corkscrew, httping, fdupes, iperf, mathomatic, xhost, xprop, xdpyinfo, xmodmap, xkill, Xorg...
- If you need an Unix command that is not included into MobaXterm, you can ask us to develop a plugin containing the required program(s)
- The terminal (based on MinTTY and PuTTY by Andy Koppe and Simon Tatham) provides a bunch of settings that can be tuned in order to suit your needs (font, background/foreground colors, antialiasing, old keyboards compatibility, ...). The default terminal parameters can be set by clicking on the "Settings" button.
- The "settings" button
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- 1.4. Multitab environment
- The multitab environment allows you to work with several terminals or remote sessions at the same time. You can toggle between "multitab" mode, "2-terminals" mode and "4-terminals" mode by clicking on the "Split" button.
- The "Split mode" button
- MobaXterm brings another really useful mode called "Multi-execution" mode. This mode allows you to display all your terminals at the same time and to write your commands to all of them at once: when you press a keyboard key, it will write the same letters on all your terminals at once. This mode can be activated by pressing the "MultiExec" button.
- The "MultiExec mode" button
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- 1.5. Built-in graphical tools
- MobaXterm comes with useful Unix command-line utilities, but also built-in graphical tools such as a fast picture viewer, a developpers text editor, a file/folder comparison tool, a ports analyzer and a packet capture tool.
- The feature which is in our opinion the most useful may be the graphical SFTP browser: when you log to a remote server using SSH, a graphical SFTP browser pops up on in the left sidebar allowing you to drag and drop files directly from or to the remote server using a secure SFTP connection.
- In the SFTP side browser, you can double-click on a remote file in order to edit it directly using your favorite program. Your changes will be saved to the remote server automatically!
- 2. Terminal features
- 2.1. Windows interactions
- open command
- This command allows you to open your local files. This command will open your documents using the Windows default association for your document type.
- open http://www.google.com
- open MyDocuments/MyWork.pdf
- You can open files, directories or URL directly from the terminal by simply Ctrl+clicking on them.
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- cygpath command
- This command allows you to work with dos/unix paths. You can obtain the Dos path from a given Unix path and vice-versa. You can also list your computer paths like the Windows, System, Desktop, Profiles and Start Menu paths.
- echo "/bin PATH = $(cygpath -w /bin)"
- echo "System PATH = $(cygpath -u -S)"
- /drives mount path
- This directory contains a mount point for each drive of your computer. You can for example browse your system drive by cd to /drives/c/
- cat /drives/c/Windows/win.ini
- PicView /drives/d/MyPhotos/Photo36.jpg
- /registry virtual folder
- This folder is a virtual directory containing your registry keys and values. You can open and read a registry key by doing a simple "cat" of these virtual files.
- cat /registry/HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/DevicePath
- cat "/registry/HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer/Shell Folders/CommonPictures"
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- // mount point
- You can also browse computers from your network neighborhood by typing //<remote_computer>
- PicView //server1/share1/Photo36.jpg
- edit //server2/Documents/program.c
- Executing native Windows programs
- You can execute native Windows programs from MobaXterm as you would in a "cmd" console.
- ipconfig /all
- netsh -c interface dump
- regedit
- net user
- calc
- notepad
- Other useful commands
- There are several other useful commands for interacting with Windows, like editrights, shutdown, regtool, ps, passwd, MobaControl, mkshortcut, MobaSwInfo, MobaHwInfo, MobaTaskList, MobaKillTask, MobaControl[...]
- 2.2. Network utilities
- Remote computing
- MobaXterm includes some useful command line clients for executing commands on remote computers:
- . ssh (utility to access shell accounts using a secure crypted connection)
- . telnet (useful to login to remote system hosts)
- . rlogin (same aim as telnet but using a different protocol)
- . rsh (useful for sending commands on remote computers, especially using the passwordless feature)
- Do not forget that you can bookmark your connections using the bookmarks feature (see the corresponding section for more information). You can also set up passwordless connections with rsh or ssh, there is also a corresponding section to this feature.
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- DISPLAY settings
- MobaXterm includes an X server so that it can display X11-based graphical programs.
- By default, an X server is started at MobaXterm startup. Your DISPLAY environment variable is automatically set and it is written in your terminal startup message. When you use a remote computing client to connect to a Unix computer, you can export your DISPLAY to your local Windows desktop thanks to MobaXterm. When you use a SSH connection, if the remote server supports X11-Forwarding, your DISPLAY is automatically set and it will be sent through the SSH connection to your Windows desktop.
- With this icon, you can monitor the X-server state
- telnet remoteserver1
- export DISPLAY=localcomputer1:0.0
- nedit
- exit
- ssh -l root remoteserver1
- nedit
- File transfer
- MobaXterm includes some useful clients for transferring files
- . ftp (File Transfert Protocol)
- . sftp/scp (File Transfert using a secure crypted SSH connection)
- . rcp (Copy files to/from remote computers using the rsh protocol)
- . wget (download files through http/ftp protocol with enhanced settings)
- . rsync (synchronize directories through a network with incremental capabilities and enhanced options)
- scp /drives/c/Photo36.jpg root@server1:/tmp/
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- Network monitoring
- MobaXterm includes 2 useful utilities for monitoring your network:
- . TCPCapture (allows you to capture network packets)
- . MobaListPorts (allows you to list all open ports with their current state)
- . httping (monitor your web server)
- . iperf (monitor the available bandwidth on your network)
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- 2.3. MobaXterm interface
- Tab interface
- MobaXterm can start several independent terminals thanks to a tab-based interface.
- Use the appropriate button to create new tabs, close existing tabs, cycling through tabs or rename tabs.
- The "Create Tab" button
- Split modes
- MobaXterm allows you to display some terminals in the same Window just as you would do using the "screen" utility.
- You can display 2 terminals in horizontal or vertical mode, or even 4 terminals in the same Window
- The "Split mode" button
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- Detach tab feature
- MobaXterm allows you to detach tabs in order to display them in a separate window. You can detach or reattach tabs using the appropriate button from the top toolbar.
- The "Detach" button
- Options dialog
- You can edit your options using the corresponding button from the top toolbar. Your options will be saved to an INI file. You can select a persistent home directory for keeping your files and parameters instead of having your home directory in a temporary folder. You can also select the terminal fonts, colors, skin, transparency, keyboard shortcuts, specify a font server, etc...
- The "Settings" button
- The settings dialog
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- Sessions
- You can store your connection settings in bookmarks that are stored in your INI file. Sessions can be accessed easily through the corresponding menu in the top toolbar or in the left sidebar, but you can also create a desktop shortcut to each session in order to launch them easily.
- The "sessions" button
- The "sessions" window
- 2.4. Other utilities
- Editors
- MobaXterm includes everything you need to edit text files: vi on command line, nedit for a graphical editor or MobaTextEditor which is a light but powerful editor for developpers with textdiff utilities.
- Miscellaneous
- . MobaPictureViewer (Display pictures in fullscreen with zoom features)
- . MobaTextDiff (Diff utility for text files)
- . MobaFoldersDiff (Diff utility for folders)
- . fdupes (Find and erase duplicate files)
- . mathomatic (computer algebra system)
- Plugins
- Some commands can be added to MobaXterm thanks to the use of plugins. You can download some ready-to-use plugins at http://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download/plugins.html .
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- 3. How to
- 3.1. Set up a passwordless ssh connection
- You can connect to an SSH server without supplying any password: this is useful if you want to run shell scripts that are not interactive. This can be done in 2 steps:
- On client side
- You will have to generate a public rsa key on the client. This can be done by typing
- ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' -q -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
- On server side
- Copy the file that has been generated on the client (".ssh/id_rsa.pub") to the ~/.ssh/ directory of the server and rename it to "authorized_keys".
- scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub user1@server1:.ssh/authorized_keys
- 3.2. Set up a passwordless rsh connection
- You can connect to an RSH server without supplying any password: this is useful if you want to run shell scripts that are not interactive. This can be done in 1 step:
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- Using /etc/hosts.equiv
- Edit the /etc/hosts.equiv file on server side: you can specify in this file the authorized users that will be able to connect to the server without supplying any password. The file syntax is:
- <computer_name> <user_name>
- Using ~/.rhosts
- Edit the ~/.rhosts file on server side: you can specify in this file the authorized users that will be able to connect to the server using the current account without supplying any password. The file syntax is:
- <computer_name> <user_name>
- 3.3. Execute a shell script at MobaXterm startup
- Using commandline parameters
- You can edit a shell script (be careful, it has to be in Unix and not Dos format) and run it at MobaXterm startup. You just have to launch MobaXterm with the following command line:
- MobaXterm.exe <script_file>
- Using bookmarks
- Create a new bookmark, select the "Custom shell script" option in the dropdown menu and edit your shell script. You can then click on your bookmark and choose to create a desktop shortcut to this bookmark.
- 4. Frequently Asked Questions
- 4.1. General
- What is the purpose of MobaXterm?
- MobaXterm is an enhanced terminal for Windows with an X11 server, several network tools for remote computing and all the essential Unix commands packaged into a single portable exe file. MobaXterm has been designed to suit the needs of computer users, sysadmins, developers and webmasters by providing:
- - a multitab terminal with embedded Unix commands (ls, cd, cat, sed, grep, awk, rsync, wget, ...)
- - an embedded X11 server for easily exporting your Unix/Linux display
- - a session manager with several network utilities: SSH, RDP, VNC, SFTP, FTP, Telnet, Rlogin, FTP, SFTP and XDMCP
- What are the main advantages of using MobaXterm over other SSH/SFTP/FTP/RDP/VNC/X11 solutions in Windows?
- MobaXterm has several advantages over its competitors:
- - a full All-In-One solution: it features an X11 server, a terminal with embedded Unix/Linux commands and a complete collection of network tools (SSH, SFTP, telnet, rlogin, RDP, VNC, XDMCP, FTP and Serial console)
- - a portable solution without the need to install and without the need of administrator priviledges: MobaXterm is a single executable self-contained file which does not need to be installed or run with administrator priviledges
- - no complex settings: there is no need to set up your environment or to tune settings: MobaXterm default parameters have been chosen in order for it to be immediately usable
- - some unique features like the remote sessions with saved passwords or the SFTP browser: when you connect to a remote server through SSH, a graphical remote file browser will automatically be displayed allowing you to transfer files or to edit them directly using the integrated text editor “MobaTextEditor”
- - a robust terminal based on PuTTY/MinTTY with clean fonts, tabs, split modes (2 or 4 terminals side by side), Multi-execution (write once, execute everywhere), copy/paste, save/print text and much more
- - a non-intrusive program: MobaXterm does not connect to the Internet or write entries into your Windows registry without asking before. It does not automatically check for updates. There is no time limit for using it.
- 4.2. X11 server
- What is X11? Why would I need an X server?
- The X server (a.k.a. X11) is something very important in an Unix/Linux environment: it is the graphical layer on which all graphical applications are based.
- As X11 is a network protocol, applications that can display their graphical interface on a Linux/Unix desktop can also display it through the network on another computer as well. This 2nd computer only needs to run an X11 server to display them.
- MobaXterm includes an X11 server, based on "X.Org", that allows you to display remote graphical Linux/Unix applications on your local Windows computer with great speed and performances.
- Example: On your remote Unix/Linux computer, you just have to perform the following command:
- DISPLAY=MY_WINDOWS_HOST_RUNNING_MOBAXTERM:0.0 xclock
- ...and you will see the "xclock" interface on your Windows desktop
- What does X11-Forwarding means?
- X11-Forwarding is a mechanism that allows the X11 protocol to be routed through an existing SSH channel. The main advantages of this solution are:
- - X11 protocol will be encrypted
- - X11 protocol can be compressed
- - There is no need to set up a new communication channel (and to open communication ports in your firewall) for X11: the network packets go through the already existing SSH connection
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- How does X11-Forwarding work?
- With MobaXterm, it is really easy to use X11-Forwarding: just connect to your server using "ssh -Y MYSERVER" or "ssh MYSERVER" (the -Y option is automatically on by default). Then, from the remote server prompt, run "xclock". You will see the "xclock" interface which has been transfered through SSH on your Windows desktop.
- Why is my remote DISPLAY variable configured to "localhost:10.0"?
- If you check the "DISPLAY" environment variable on your remote server, you will notice that it is set to something like "DISPLAY=localhost:10.0". This is the standard behaviour for X11-Forwarding: it means that any program will use a local virtual display (:10.0) which is created by SSH and which will be automatically forwarded trhough the SSH connection to MobaXterm display.
- I have an issue with an X11 remote program (Java/X11/Motif) which does not accept keyboard input: everytime I press a keyboard key, nothing is written on the text field
- This problem can generally be solved easily by using X11 with a window manager instead of using X11 in "multiwindow" (transparent) mode: go to MobaXterm "Settings" window --> "X11" tab --> select "Windowed mode with Fvwm" setting in the combo box and apply. Restart your remote program and it should take keyboard input correctly.
- If you want to use the standard "multiwindow" (transparent) X11 server and occasionally use the windowed X11 server with the window manager, you can go to MobaXterm "Settings" window --> "X11" tab --> select "Multiwindow mode" setting in the combo box and apply, then open the "tools" menu and select either "X11 tab with Dwm" or "X11 window with Fvwm2".
- How do the X11 tabs with DWM work? Why does MobaXterm include this "tiling" window manager?
- DWM is a powerful and robust window manager which implements a smart way of arranging windows in order to gain space. Windows are automatically placed side by side so that they all occupy the maximum available space on the desktop.
- - To move a window, use "Alt + Left click"
- - To resize a window, use "Alt + Right click"
- How can I display a full remote desktop from a Unix/Linux server in MobaXterm (Gnome, KDE, FVWM, Openbox, Fluxbox, IceWM, XFCE, Blackbox, DWM, Enlightenment, LXDE, ...)?
- You can use 2 different solutions:
- - Configure your Linux/Unix distribution for enabling XDMCP remote access. You will find the appropriate procedure in your distribution documentation or by searching for " activate XDMCP" on any search engine. You will then be able to display the full remote desktop by starting a new "XDMCP" session in MobaXterm
- - Go to MobaXterm "Settings" window --> "X11" tab --> select "Windowed mode" setting in the combo box and apply. This will run a windowed X11 server at MobaXterm startup instead of the default "transparent" X11 server. Connect to your remote server using "ssh -Y MY_REMOTE_SERVER" and then, run "gnome-session" or whatever window manager you want.
- If you want to use the standard "multiwindow" (transparent) X11 server and occasionally start your full remote desktop in a windowed X11 server, you can go to MobaXterm "Settings" window --> "X11" tab --> select "Multiwindow mode" setting in the combo box and apply, then start the following sample command:
- (export DISPLAY=:36; start-stop-daemon -q -b -S --exec /bin/XWin.exe -- -silent-dup-error -notrayicon -nolisten inet6 -clipboard -ac -fp /usr/share/fonts/misc $DISPLAY && /bin/waitforX && ssh -Y MY_REMOTE_SERVER "gnome-session")
- 4.3. SSH client
- What is SSH?
- MobaXterm includes a SSH client (with SFTP and SCP) which allows secure encrypted connections to be set up through the network. The SSH client embedded in MobaXterm is based on OpenSSH.
- How can I use public SSH keys with MobaXterm?
- On client side, you have to generate a public rsa key:
- ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' -q -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
- Then copy the file that has been generated on the client (".ssh/id_rsa.pub") to the ~/.ssh/ directory of the server and rename it to "authorized_keys":
- scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub user1@server1:.ssh/authorized_keys
- If the ".ssh/authorized_keys" file already exists, just append your own public key to the file:
- cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub user1@server1:/tmp/tmpkey && ssh user1@server1 "cat /tmp/tmpkey >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys && rm /tmp/tmpkey"
- How can I perform a SSH connection through my SOCKS proxy?
- You can use the following command:
- ssh -X MY_USER_IN_REMOTE_HOST@REMOTE_HOST_NAME -o "ProxyCommand connect -S MY_USER_IN_MY_COMPANY@PROXY_NAME:PROXY_PORT %h %p"
- 4.4. RDP client
- What is RDP?
- RDP (a.k.a. "Terminal Services" or "TS") is a remote display protocol introduced by Microsoft for Windows OS. It allows users to connect to a remote host while displaying and interacting with the remote desktop using the local keyboard and mouse.
- How can I send Ctrl+Alt+Del through RDP (terminal service)?
- You can send the Ctrl+Alt+Del keys combination to your RDP remote server by using the "Ctrl+Alt+END" keys combination
- 4.5. SSH tunnelling (a.k.a. "Port forwarding")
- What is the purpose of the "tunneling" tool?
- The Tunneling tool embedded inside MobaXterm ("MobaSSHTunnel) is a graphical interface for easily creating SSH tunnels. SSH tunnels (a.k.a. "port forwarding") allow users to redirect traffic from one port on one computer to another computer and port. The main advantages of this solution are:
- - No need to open new connection ports inside firewalls
- - No need to set up a proxy or a gateway when remote computers are not accessible directly
- - Redirected traffic is secured by SSH encryption
- 4.6. MobaXterm terminal
- MobaXterm does not display correctly some special characters? I encounter problems with my country charset/encoding?
- You can tell MobaXterm to use "UTF-8" character set by going to the "Settings" menu --> "configuration" --> "Terminal" tab --> choose the "UTF-8 (unicode)" entry from the "Charset" setting.
- I can not run a Windows application inside MobaXterm. My Windows PATH is not taken into account in MobaXterm.
- You can tell MobaXterm to use the Windows PATH by going to the "Settings" menu --> "configuration" --> "Terminal" tab --> check the "Append Windows PATH environment variable to MobaXterm" setting.
- I am using a laptop and I do not have any middle button on my trackpad. How can I paste text in the terminal?
- You can tell MobaXterm to use right click for pasting by going to the "Settings" menu --> "configuration" --> "Terminal" tab --> check the "Paste using right click" setting.
- 4.7. Advanced features
- How to disable the penguins screensaver? How to remove the "Games" menu and games entries from MobaXterm?
- The penguins screensaver and the games have been added to bring fun to MobaXterm terminal. Users who use MobaXterm inside a company might want to disable these tools in order to have a more convenient tool for working. That is why the Professional edition of MobaXterm allows you to disable the screensaver and to remove the games and corresponding menu entries from the program.
- I love the penguins screensaver! Can I subscribe to MobaXterm Professional Edition and keep it?
- We are glad you enjoy this screensaver: we spent a lot of time developing it! Of course, in the Professional Edition of MobaXterm, you can keep the penguins screensaver (and the games) if you want.
- I want to save my terminal output but when I choose the "Log all terminal activity to the following directory", I get a hardly readable file with special characters in it.
- If you just want to save the output from a terminal, please use the "Terminal" menu --> "Save terminal text". About the terminal logging, it can be used to log anything that is displayed inside the terminal. If you want to re-open a log file, please use MobaTextEditor in order to remove these special characters from the file.
- 4.8. Miscellaneous troubleshooting
- MobaXterm does not run on Windows 2000: it says that the “gdiplus.dll” is missing...
- MobaXterm is compatible with Windows 2000, but on old Windows 2000 installations, it can display an error message about a missing dll “gdiplus.dll”, but you can download it for free and put it in the same folder as mobaxterm executable in order to make it work: http://www.dll-files.com/dllindex/dll-files.shtml?gdiplus
- I sent an email but you never answered
- Please allow the "mobatek.net" domain in your email server so that our emails will not go to your SPAM folder. Also verify that you correctly wrote your email address in the contact form.
- I want to ask for some support. Can you help me?
- Please send us an email by going to the "Help" menu --> "About MobaXterm" --> "Send us an email". In this email, please tell us:
- - Which version and which edition (personal or professional) of MobaXterm you are using
- - Which Windows version you are using
- - In case you encounter an issue, please describe precisely what happens (error message, freeze, etc...) and try to give us a step by step procedure we can follow in order to reproduce the bug.
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