2017-12-12 TOEFL: word roots, reading vocab

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
icon (iconography, iconoclast, iconic) = image
idio (idiomatic, idiosyncrasy, idiot) = oneself (An idiosyncracy is a behavior particular to one person, and an idiot was originally a person who kept to himself instead of participating in political and social life.)
il/im/in/ir (illegal, impossible, inconsiderate, irresponsible) = not
il/im/in/ir (illuminate, impress, inhale, irradiate) = in (the opposite previx is “ex”)
	Spelling Rules:
	il before L (illegal, illegible, illegitimate, illuminate, illustrate)
	ir before R (irresponsible, irredeemable, irrevocable, irradiate)
	im before P, B, M (impossible, impress, imbecile, imbue, immobile)
	in before everything else
infra (infrastructure, infrared, infrasonic) = under (opposites can be “sup” or “ultra”)
inter (interview, international, intercept) = between
intra/intro (intravenous, introvert) = in/inside/into
ject (interject, eject) = throw/thrust (= push)
junct (junction, conjunction, adjunct) = join
kine (kinetic, kinesthetic, telekinesis) = movement
lab (labor, collaborate, elaborate) = work
lex/lect (lexical, dyslexia, lecture, dialect) = words/reading
loc (location, dislocation, relocate) = place
luc (translucent, elucidate) = light
lum (illuminate, lumen) = light
macro (macroeconomics, macroevolution) = big (in size)
magni (magnify, magnificent, magnate) = great (in size or quality)
mal (malpractice, malaria, malicious) = bad
man/mani/manu (manual, maneuver, manuscript) = hand
mar (marine, maritime) = sea
mega (megabyte, megastructure, megalith) = huge (in size) (unit prefix = 1,000,000x)
meta (metamorphosis, metastasis) = change
meta (metaphysics, metacognition, metadata) = beyond/about (“metacognition” is thinking about thoughts and knowledge, “metadata” is information about your communications)
micro (microscope, microphone, microbe) = small/tiny (unit prefix = 1/1,000,000)
migr (immigrate, migrant) = move (under one’s own power)
mis (misbehave, misnomer) = wrong
miss/mit (dismiss, transmit, missile) = send
mono (monochromatic, monotonous, monologue) = one
---
Reading Question Types
- vocabulary
- fact
- negative fact
- purpose
- paraphrase
- inference
- reference
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
---
DELTA p. 49-53 describes some “clues” to use when figuring out what a word means in a reading
---
Handout (Cambridge) p. 147-148 - Answer questions 4-6 about the clue “be”.
4 D
5 D
6 B
10-12 - appositives
10 B
11 D
12 A
13-18 - other punctuation (in 13-15, explain the meaning)
13 burial mounds (“burial” is the adjective and noun of “bury”, as in the burial of dead people)
14 slender body type
15 biting
16 A
17 D
18 B
22-24 - use “or”
22 B
23 B
24 C
25-30 - use examples
25 large fish
26 creatures
27 a drought-resistant plant
28 D
29 B
30 A
31-36 - Use adjective clauses
31 a compound used to treat burns
32 a succession of sounds
33 “descended from”
34 B
35 D
36 A
37-42 - use referents
37 insects that can destroy cotton
38 meat-eating animals
39 marine timekeeping device
40 C
41 D
42 A
43-48 - use contrast
43 not harmful or deadly
44 grows/lives well (opposite of “struggle”)
45 highly resistant to motion
46 C
47 C
48 B
49-54 - use other words in the sentence
49 flower
50 pipe / another part of the bagpipe
51 decreased, made less
52 A
53 B
54 C
---
p. 155 - Take 3 minutes to answer questions 1-6 about the passage. Compare your answers with your classmates’ and identify what context clues helped you decide.
1 B
2 D
3 A
4 D
5 C
6 A
156-157 - Do the same thing for 7-12.
7 B (“infamous” and “notorious” both have negative connotations)
8 C
9 A
10 D - there are several other meanings for “score”
11 D (“exploit” usually means to take advantage of something for your own benefit)
12 B
Do the same for 13-18
13 C
14 D
15 B
16 C
17 A
18 A
---
Homework: Handout (Cengage) p. 54-59