Czech gun law

Current law allows any irreproachable, reliable citizen and healthy citizen who passes strict tests to get a license. We have few categories of firearms as well as our licenses are categorized as well, I will get to this. And it definitely does not allow open carry. Concealed carry is the only way of carrying a weapon for self defense. Open carry is possible only for police officers in duty, military police officers in duty and gamekeepers in the place, where they are performing their duties.

Irreproachability and reliability are defined in the law regarding firearms. It basically means: Person without criminal record(there are some exceptions like: A person can get licence after 20 years from sentence's end, if it was longer than 5 years). And a person who is not: alcoholic, drug abuser, and he has not commited more than 1 of these offenses in last 3 years:
a) regarding firearms and ammunition
b) regarding explosives
c) regarding protection against alcoholism and other addictions or similar offense against safety, and continuity of traffic(cars, cyclists etc.)
d) regarding defense of the Czech Republic
e) regarding public order
f) regarding private property
g) regarding agriculture, fishing or hunting(basically poaching)

Now if you pass this pretty tough criteria, you must undergo a medical examination where your practical doctor examines you and has a right to send you to psychical examination(has a right, not that he has to). When you passed this, you go to your competent police force and apply for the licence exam. Now, let me get to licence types and weapon types.

Licence categories:
A -> for collecting firearms
B -> for sport use
C -> for hunting
D -> for duty use (gunshop salesman etc. not police force, they are excludet from this laws), this also requires more frequent medical examinations.
E -> for defense of healty, life and property (property is only formal thing since in EU life is more valuable than property, there is a loop in this though)
F -> pyrotechnical research

For a common citizen, licence of category A,B,C and E is everything he needs.

For further understanding of banned weaponry we must define terms Long Firearm and Short Firearm.

Short firearm is: every firearm that has both: total length less than 60cm and barrel length less than 30cm.
Long firearm is: every firearm that isn't short firearm.

Firearm categories:
A -> banned weapons:
such as full-auto,
sinister weapons(e.g. a gun in a walking stick),
armor piercing ammunition,
tracer ammunition,
explosive ammunition,
hollow point ammunition in short firearms(again, thanks EU),
EFMJ type ammunition,
ammunition with extended wounding effect.
Traps,
silencers,
suppressors,
firearms made from other materials than metal,
military weapons which are not approved for civilian use.

B -> firearms requiring a permit and registration:
short semi-auto and revolvers,
short one-shot or multiple-shot firearms for center fire ammunition,
one-shot or multiple-shot firearms for rim fire ammunition if they're shorter than 28 cm,
long semi-autos which magazine or magazine equivalent can contain more than 3 rounds,
semi-autos with the look of full-autos,
signal firearms for ammunition of caliber 16mm or more,
long semi-autos or bolt-action or manual reload(to eject used cartridge and insert new round using mechanism of a weapon, typical example is a Mossberg pump-action shotgun) with total length less or equal than 600mm

C -> firearms requiring registration:
one-shot or multiple shot or semi-autos not mentioned in category B,
firearms for rim fire ammunition longer than 280mm,
gas firearms that has muzzle projectile energy more than 16J, except paintball weapons

D -> firearms from 18 years
historic firearms (made before 1890),
floberts up to 7.5J,
gas firearms up to muzzle projectile energy of 16J,
inactive ammunition,
mechanical weapons with draw-power above 150N,
firearms not mentioned in A,B and C

To acquire a firearm mentioned in category A, one must get an exception for said firearm. In 2016, 2 exceptions were given. One to a museum and one to my friend's father as he is a collector.

Firearms in general(with ammunition, powder etc.) must be stored in safes complying with a standard.

Now to the exam. Exam has 2 parts: theoretical and practical. Theoretical is a multiple choice test which consists of 30 questions. These questions are picked from a set of 500 questions approved by Ministry for Inner Affairs(I hope it is good translation). They cover topics like: law regarding firearms, ammunition and their use, first aid, firearm and ammunition storage, mechanical principles of a firearm etc. To pass this test to get licence of category E(for health, life and property protection) one muss get 74 points out of total 79. That are 1 mistake for 3 points and 1 mistake for 2 points.

If a person passes this test(he knows it after few minutes), he must undergo practical examination. This practical examination consists of 2 parts. Safe manipulation and shooting.

Manipulation: a person must know safety rules, such as finger off the trigger and trigger guard, aim into a safe space etc, how to solve malfunctions, field strip of few types of a weapon. Typically a CZ75 for short firearm, a two barreled shotgun for shotguns and a .22LR rim fire rifle for bolt action rifles. Soon there might be a field strip of a Vz. 58.

When a person succeeds here, said person goes to a range and with a pistol must hit at least 4 out of 5 rounds in international 50/20 pistol target at the range of 10 meters in time of 3 minutes. D category candidates has it 15 meters and 2 minutes. Then a person goes to shotgun and .22LR rifle, both are being shot at 25 meters at 15.5cm in diameter target and a person must hit 2 rounds out of 2 shots from shotgun, and 4/5 from .22LR rifle.

After he passes this, he asks for licence, background check is made and if he is clean he gets it. Exam's success rate is ~50%, maybe less.

When a person is carrying for self defense, that means loaded under his control and concealed, since any other way of carrying is not possible, he can carry two firearms and when carrying, and manipulating with a firearm and ammunition, he must not be under influence of alcohol or any other mind altering drug.