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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- Homework (optional): p., 159 exercise 10
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- Passive Voice
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- Form:
- … + [be] + past participle
- - Any tense can be passive. Change the last verb to [be] in the same form, then add the past participle of the main verb.
- His dad is going to punish him for that. -> He is going to be punished by his dad for that.
- People might have used this as a net. -> This might have been used (by people) as a net.
- Meaning:
- The subject of a passive sentence is the receiver (patient) of the action.
- (In an active sentence, the subject is the doer (agent) of the action.)
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- p. 50 exercise 3 - Change the active sentences to passive sentences with the same tense.
- 1 are spoken
- 2 have been mined
- 3 are considered
- 4 is eaten
- 5 is consumed
- 6 were worshiped
- 7 has been developed
- 8 were invented (“were both invented” is more correct)
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- The agent can be included with a “by” phrase in a passive sentence.
- The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
- p. 53 exercise 8 - Underline the agent and decide if it’s necessary in each sentence and why.
- 1 an unknown civilization - necessary, because it’s additional new information
- 2 the teacher - not necessary, because we expect things to be assigned by teachers
- 3 Picasso - not necessary in this sentence, because Picasso is named in the next clause
- 4 someone (both clauses) - not necessary, because we already know it’s a person, and there’s no additional information
- 5 friends or relatives - necessary, because it’s important additional information
- 6 children - necessary, because it’s surprising information
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- Instead of [be], we can also use [get] for some passive sentences.
- I wasn’t paid last week. -> I didn’t get paid last week.
- As in many sentences, “get” has a meaning like “become” when it’s used for a passive.
- *The Mona Lisa got painted. (WRONG - The Mona Lisa didn’t exist before the action, so it didn’t “become” painted.)
- OK (informal): The Mona Lisa got stolen in 1911. (Okay because this is a change that happened to the painting after it already existed.)
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- Homework: p. 55 exercise 9 - decide whether “be” or “get” is more appropriate (sometimes both are fine), and write the correct form to complete the sentences.
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