GMS2 AABB Collision Resolution

///***** Cloned from badwrong: https://pastebin.com/RFmzHY0Z ******
// ******************* CREATE *************************************** //

on_ground   = 0;
facing      = 1;
speed_max   = 20;
speed_accel = 5;

friction = 4;
gravity  = 6;

// You must set the mask_index of the object to something or use the following line:
if (!mask_index) mask_index = sprite_index;


// ******************* STEP ***************************************** //

// Counters
on_ground = on_ground >> 1;

// Inputs
var _x_axis = keyboard_check(ord("D")) - keyboard_check(ord("A")),
    _jump   = keyboard_check_pressed(vk_space);

// Horizontal movement
if (_x_axis != 0)
{
    facing = sign(_x_axis);
    motion_add(darccos(_x_axis), speed_accel);

    // Use motion_set() and no accel value if you want instant movement
    // then add and else branch with hspeed = 0;
}

// Set sprite and check for jump
if (on_ground)
{
    if (_jump)
    {
        on_ground = 0;
        motion_add(-gravity_direction, 200);  // Or jump power variable
        image_index  = 0;
    }
    // Here is where you set run or idle sprite (hspeed == 0 ? idle : run )
}
else if (!_jump) vspeed = max(vspeed, vspeed * 0.5);
/* Here you would add full else { } block of code where you set jump sprite
 * This is one way to stop the jump sprite at the end
 * image_index = min(image_index, image_number - 1);
 */


// Clamp speeds and set left/right facing direction
image_xscale = facing;
hspeed = clamp(hspeed, -speed_max, speed_max);
vspeed = clamp(vspeed, -200, 200);  // Or some terminal velocity macro
// Adding delta time should be done on the above few lines with hspeed and vspeed
// Multiply them by the change in delta time, i.e., no difference would be 1



// ********** COLLISION EVENT WITH STATIC COLLISION OBJECT ********** //

/* General AABB collision algorithm: Move back and resolve collisions per axis.
 *
 * By placing this solution in an actual "collision event" it automatically
 * provides information about each specific collision, as if instance_place_list()
 * were being used.  However, as an internally triggered event the extra overhead and
 * cost of manually checking is eliminated.
 *
 * This solution uses built-in vspeed and hspeed, along with setting the instance
 * variables for gravity and friction.  Note, built-in movement occurs between step and
 * end-step events.  There is no loss of control or scary "black box" to worry about when
 * using such a solution.  This also means automatic acceleration and deceleration if desired.
 */

// First store the vector that caused the collision
var _vx = x - xprevious,
    _vy = y - yprevious;
x = xprevious;
y = yprevious;

/*
 * With static objects many of the values below can be precomputed on create and assigned to variables.
 * We find exact centers based on bbox and not instance x/y, and
 * collisions are then resolved through the mask offsets
 *
 * This solution does allow for non-centered origins, although it is recommended in most cases.
 * If image_xscale is used to mirror a sprite, then the x-axis should be centered at least.
 */

// Horizontal
if place_meeting(x + _vx, y, other)
{
    // Offset by exact values from centers
    if (x < other.x) x = other.bbox_left - sprite_get_width(mask_index) + sprite_get_xoffset(mask_index);
    else x = other.bbox_right + sprite_get_xoffset(mask_index);

    // If you want wall jumping an on_wall variable with a sign +/- is appropriate here

} else x += _vx;

// Vertical
if place_meeting(x, y + _vy, other)
{
    // Same as horizontal but with the y-axis
    if (y < other.y)
    {
        y = other.bbox_top - sprite_get_height(mask_index) + sprite_get_yoffset(mask_index);
        vspeed = 0;
        on_ground = 10; // Or some variable or macro for "coyote frames"
    }
    else
    {
        y = other.bbox_bottom + sprite_get_yoffset(mask_index);
        vspeed *= 0.9; // Don't stop instantly when hitting ceiling
    }

} else y += _vy;

// And ya, that's like 90% comments and very little code.