bst

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Stack;

public class BinaryTree {

    Node root;

    public void add(int value) {
        root = add(root, value);
    }

    private Node add(Node current, int value) {

        if (current == null) {
            return new Node(value);
        }

        if (value < current.value) {
            current.left = add(current.left, value);
        } else if (value > current.value) {
            current.right = add(current.right, value);
        }

        return current;
    }

    public void delete(int value) {
        root = delete(root, value);
    }

    private Node delete(Node current, int value) {
        if (current == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (value == current.value) {
            // Case 1: no children
            if (current.left == null && current.right == null) {
                return null;
            }

            // Case 2: only 1 child
            if (current.right == null) {
                return current.left;
            }

            if (current.left == null) {
                return current.right;
            }

            // Case 3: 2 children
            int smallestValue = findSmallestValue(current.right);
            current.value = smallestValue;
            current.right = delete(current.right, smallestValue);
            return current;
        }
        if (value < current.value) {
            current.left = delete(current.left, value);
            return current;
        }

        current.right = delete(current.right, value);
        return current;
    }

    private int findSmallestValue(Node root) {
        return root.left == null ? root.value : findSmallestValue(root.left);
    }

    public int Depth (){
        return maxDepth(root);
    }



    private int maxDepth(Node node) {

        if (node == null)
            return 0;
        else {

            int lDepth = maxDepth(node.left);
            int rDepth = maxDepth(node.right);

            if (lDepth > rDepth)
                return (lDepth + 1);
            else
                return (rDepth + 1);
        }
    }


    public void traverseInOrder() {
        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
        Node current = root;
        stack.push(root);
        while(! stack.isEmpty()) {
            while(current.left != null) {
                current = current.left;
                stack.push(current);
            }
            current = stack.pop();
            printVal(current.value);
            if(current.right != null) {
                current = current.right;
                stack.push(current);
            }
        }
    }

    public void traversePreOrder() {
        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
        Node current = root;
        stack.push(root);
        while(! stack.isEmpty()) {
            current = stack.pop();
            printVal(current.value);

            if(current.right != null)
                stack.push(current.right);

            if(current.left != null)
                stack.push(current.left);
        }
    }

    public void traversePostOrder() {
        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
        Node prev = root;
        Node current = root;
        stack.push(root);

        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            current = stack.peek();
            boolean hasChild = (current.left != null || current.right != null);
            boolean isPrevLastChild = (prev == current.right || (prev == current.left && current.right == null));

            if (!hasChild || isPrevLastChild) {
                current = stack.pop();
                printVal(current.value);
                prev = current;
            } else {
                if (current.right != null) {
                    stack.push(current.right);
                }
                if (current.left != null) {
                    stack.push(current.left);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void printVal(int value) {
        System.out.print(" " + value);
    }

    public void traverseLevelOrder() {

        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }

        Queue<Node> nodes = new LinkedList<>();
        nodes.add(root);

        while (!nodes.isEmpty()) {

            Node node = nodes.remove();

            System.out.print(" " + node.value);

            if (node.left != null) {
                nodes.add(node.left);
            }

            if (node.right!= null) {
                nodes.add(node.right);
            }
        }
    }

    public void rttraverseLevelOrder() {

        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }

        Queue<Node> nodes = new LinkedList<>();
        nodes.add(root);

        while (!nodes.isEmpty()) {

            Node node = nodes.remove();

            System.out.print(" " + node.value);

            if (node.left != null) {
                nodes.add(node.left);
            }

            if (node.right!= null) {
                nodes.add(node.right);
            }
        }
    }


    class Node {
        int value;
        Node left;
        Node right;

        Node(int value) {
            this.value = value;
            right = null;
            left = null;
        }
    }
}