2015-10-21 Core: 3 titanic and lateral thinking

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: page 36 - read the article and do parts 1 and 2
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part 1
paragraph 1 - b
paragraph 2 - a
paragraph 3 - d
part 2
1 to find two missing US nuclear submarines
2 joyful, and then sad because many people had died there
3 unhappy, because people had turned Titanic into a freak show, but he’d asked them to treat it with dignity and respect
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part 3 - Do you think the remains of Titanic should remain in the ocean, or be put in a museum?
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p. 37 part 5 - which thing happened first in each sentence?
1 He went back to the Titanic nineteen years later to see how it had changed.
2 Then we realized we were celebrating at a place where people had died.
3 Nearby I saw a pair of smaller shoes that had perhaps belonged to a child.

past perfect = had + past participle
It means something happened before another time in the past.

We were celebrating where people had died on April 15, 1912. (specific finished time)
He wanted to see how it had changed since 1985. (unfinished period of time)

(Remember that we also use past perfect in reported speech and third conditionals.)
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They had already left before I arrived. = They left before I arrived. (It’s usually not necessary to use past perfect if “before” or “after” tells you the order in which things happened.)

“by” and “by the time” have a similar meaning to “before”, but almost always goes with a perfect tense
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p. 37 part 7 - choose the correct verb to complete the sentences (simple past or past perfect)
1 had been
2 sank
3 was
4 had disappeared
5 hadn’t located
6 had visited
They are sounding the alarm, but it is too late.
-> By the time they sounded the alarm, it was already too late.

They are sounding the alarm, but we already hit the iceberg.
-> By the time they sounded the alarm, they had already hit the iceberg.

When he arrived at the hospital, he was already dead. (“be dead” continues forever)
When he arrived at the hospital, he had already died. (“die” is an action that happened once)

When I met them, they were already married.
(When I met them, they said, “We are already married.”)

When I met them, they had already been married for ten years.
(When I met them, they said, “We have already been married for ten years.”)
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p. 37 part 8 - answer these questions with the past perfect
1 Because the lookout hadn’t seen the iceberg in time.
2 Because they hadn’t brought enough lifeboats.
3 Because other people had turned the ship into a freak show.
4 Probably because they had seen the movie Titanic and had thought it was very romantic.
5 Because he had decided to make a movie about the ship.
part 9 - with your same partner, complete the paragraph with the simple past or past perfect
1 was
2 began
3 had discovered
4 felt
5 sank
6 hit
7 had already made
8 retired
notorious = famous for bad things

She arrived and then I left.
When she arrived, I left. (I left as a result of her arrival.)
She had arrived when I left.
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BREAK
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I have a headache because I have had onlyne cup of coffee today.
(One cup is finished, but there’s time for more coffee today.)

I have a headache because I had only one cup of coffee this morning.
(The time for coffee this morning is finished.)

I had a headache during class yesterday because I had had only one cup of coffee.
(It doesn’t matter if the time for coffee was finished. We only have one possible tense.)
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I have seen this movie three times in my life. -> I had seen that movie three times in my life.
I saw this movie three times yesterday. -> I had seen that movie three times the day before.
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There are 5 strange situations on your paper. One person in your group has the explanation of the situation. Ask that person yes/no questions to try to guess the explanation. When you finish number 1, I will give the answer to number 2 to another person in your group.

HINT: All of the situations have something to do with water.

(These are called lateral thinking problems, because they require some creative “sideways” thinking. You can find many of them online.)
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p. 38 - “Love and death in the sea” - part 1 questions
Sometimes if you’re swimming you can get a cramp in your muscles which makes it difficult and painful to move.
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Homework: read the article on page 39 and do parts 2, 3, and 4 on page 38