2017-12-13 Grammar: progressive and perfect aspects

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: complete exercise 4 if you haven’t already.
	Optional: complete the verb list on p. 4 of the handout
	(You can check those answers yourself by finding a verb list online.)
3 present
  a has
  b is driving
  c gets
  d lives
  e takes
4 past
  a was
  b was believed (passive)
  c was playing
  d was burning / burned
5 present
  a are
  b is changing
  c believe
  d has resulted
  e are burned (passive)
  f increases
  g causes
  h is
  i has begun (“has already begun” is more common)
  j have discovered
  k has risen
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Look at the picture. What happened? What is happening? What is going to happen?
Some kids were playing in the market. They hit the shelves and the stuff fell down.
The people who work there are cleaning the disaster.
The place will be as clean as before.
An earthquake came and all of the things in the supermarket have fallen down.
Now a man is cleaning up.
After that, he will get some money for that.
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If we want to talk about the events at the time they happened:
Some kids had been playing in the market. They had hit the shelves and the stuff had fallen down.
The people who work there were cleaning the disaster.
The place was going to be as clean as before.
An earthquake had come and all of the things in the supermarket had fallen down.
Then a man was cleaning up.
After that, he would get some money for that.
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p. 16 sentences j, k, l, m, n, o are about non-action verbs which are (almost) never progressive.
Non-actions don’t take any time.
p. 17 - We use progressive aspect to show that something happened in the middle of another action.
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I speak Spanish (general truth) but I am not speaking Spanish (at the moment).
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p. 18 exercise 4 - With your partner, decide if simple or continuous grammar is correct for each sentence.
1 am studying
2 was reading
3 get, are marching
4 doesn’t study / isn’t studying
5 speaks / is speaking
6 was looking, “discovered”
7 reached, thought
8 am trying
9 was studying, heard
10 be sleeping
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p. 20 exercise 6 - Decide the time frame for each sentence, and then decide if the verb should be simple or perfect.
1 had said
2 had conducted
3 has had
4 has visited
5 came, hadn’t been
6 have traveled (“so far” and “by the time” are almost always used in perfect sentences)
7 haven’t slept
8 had completed, realized, weren’t
9 have lived
10 has studied / studies
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I have read Harry Potter. - I’m finished.
I have been reading Harry Potter. - I’m still reading it now.