df_children_debt = df[['children', 'debt', 'family_status']]
df_pivot = df_children_debt.pivot_table(index ='children', columns = 'debt', values = 'family_status', aggfunc ='count')
df_pivot

#ВЫВОД:
debt    0   1
children
0   13132.0 1064.0
1   4374.0  444.0
2   1929.0  202.0
3   303.0   27.0
4   37.0    4.0
5   9.0 NaN