2016-08-30 Core: 11 uncontacted tribe

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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NO SCHOOL MONDAY SEPTEMBER 5 (Labor Day)
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How do you get the news?
podcast = like a radio program, but you can download episodes from the Internet
What section(s) of a newspaper or news website are you usually interested in?

p. 129 - The interview is about a newly discovered (by linguists) language. Where in a newspaper would this story be?
features = special stories that have more depth or are about a different topic than the rest of the paper
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part 2 - Complete each sentence in at least two ways. If possible, at least one of the completions should be true for you.
1 I get the headlines on my cell phone, I can read the news quickly. / so I don’t have to go to the store and buy a newspaper.
2 I don’t read the paper. It’s too difficult to understand. / It’s too boring. / It’s too difficult to turn the pages. (too cumbersome)
3 I don’t believe everything I read because I don’t trust the writers. / because sometimes it’s fake. / because some people just create the stories.
sensationalized = exaggerated dishonestly to make the story more interesting or exciting
4 I turn straight to the sports pages even though there is not interesting news there for me. / even though there are big issues on other pages.
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of speaking a language very few people know?
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p. 130 part 1 - Discuss the questions in a group.

What does “uncontacted” mean? - Without any communication with other people.
Why are there quotation marks (“ ”) around the word in the title? - It means some people use that word, but the writer doesn’t agree. (For example, they might have some contact, or they had contact in the past, so they’re not totally uncontacted.)
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Read the article about an uncontacted tribe.
“One image had had more impact than one thousand reports.” - A reference to the common saying.
“A picture is worth a thousand words.” - A common saying that already exists.

part 2 - What role did each of these groups play in the story?
1 Funai released photos of an uncontacted Amazonian tribe.
2 Survival International said the photos were genuine (original and true).
3 The government of Peru first suggested the story was a strategy opposed to development, then they said they would work with Brazil to stop illegal logging.
4 The BBC made a documentary about the tribe with previously unseen footage.

footage = video
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Words with un-:
uncontacted = not contacted before = No one else contacted them before.
unseen = not seen before = No one else saw it before.
unavailable = not available
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The spokesperson said that one image had had more impact than one thousand reports.
- Because “have more impact” happened before “say”, we need past perfect.
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Grammar: reported speech = when you report the information someone said without their exact words

She said, “I will be at home tomorrow.” - quoted speech (these are her exact words)
She said that she would be at home. - reported speech (this is the information)

p. 131 part 5 - Which word did these people say exactly?
1 is (The tribe was under threat at the same time that the sentence was said.)
2 Is
3 We (Survival International said the sentence, so they use “we”.)
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part 6 - Find six other examples of reported speech in the article.
1 The Survival International spokesman, David Hill, explained that his organization wasn’t suggesting that the tribe had never had any contact with the outside world, but that they now lived without it.
2 The Peruvian government suggested that the story was no more than a strategy by groups opposed to development of the area’s resources.
3 Survival International said the images had spread across the world within minutes.
4 A typical post asked why nobody had done anything to save these tribes.
5 The Peruvian government announced that they would work with the Brazilian authorities to stop illegal logging in the area.
6 But as a Funai spokesperson said later, one image had had more impact than one thousand reports.
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BREAK
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p. 131 part 7 - With a partner, change the reported speech from the article to direct/quoted speech.
1 The Survival International spokesman, David Hill, explained, “Our organization isn’t suggesting that the tribe has never had any contact with the outside world, but that they now live without it.”
2 The Peruvian government suggested, “The story is no more than a strategy by groups opposed to development of the area’s resources.”
3 Survival International said, “The images spread across the world within minutes.”
4 A typical post asked, “Why has nobody done anything to save these tribes?”
5 The Peruvian government announced, “We will work with the Brazilian authorities to stop illegal logging in the area.”
6 But as a Funai spokesperson said later, “One image has had more impact than one thousand reports.”

The student asked how many countries had fought in World War Two.
= The student asked, “How many countries fought in World War Two?” (finished -> simple past)

The student asked how many countries had joined the European Union.
= The student asked, “How many countries have joined the European Union?” (more could still join -> present perfect)

The student asked how many countries had started fighting in WW2 by the time the US joined.
= “How many countries had started by the time the US joined?” (past before past -> past perfect)
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She said, “I will be there at 7.” -> She said she would be here at 7.

part 8 - Decide who said each of these things (a-d), and then change them to reported speech.
1 A Funai spokesperson said that they had taken the photos to show that these people existed.
2 An anonymous poster asked how many tribes like this there were.
3 A language expert said that the term “uncontacted” was more of a media word than a scientific term.
4 A Peruvian government official asked if/whether unseen tribes existed.
5 A (different) Peruvian government official said that there was no evidence they existed.
6 A Funai spokesperson said that if we didn’t save these tribes, this would happen to all of us.
	(“we” and “us” probably mean every human being, so these pronouns don’t change)
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Tense changes for past reporting verbs:
Quoted          Reported
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present         past
(simple, perfect, continuous, and perfect continuous)

simple past     past perfect

past cont.      past perfect continuous

will            would

am/is/are       was/were + going to
    + going to

can             could

may             might

must            had to
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should
would           no change
could
might
past perfect

(There is a chart on p. 170 of your book that also includes this information.)
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If the reporting verb is in the present or future, we don’t change tense:
He always says, “I know how to fix a car.” -> He always says (that) he knows how to fix a car.
He will say, “I didn’t know that.” -> He will say (that) he didn’t know that.

We also don’t need to change the tense if someone stated a general fact that is always true:
She told me, “Seoul is the capital of South Korea.” -> She told me that Seoul is the capital of South Korea.

If I don’t believe the speaker, I change the tense to past:
She told me, “Busan is the capital of Korea.” -> She told me that Busan was the capital (but I don’t believe her).
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For this unit, assume that statements were made a long time in the past, somewhere else.
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Report statements with “that” (usually optional).
Report yes/no questions with “if” or “whether”.
Report information questions with the same question word (who, what, why, where, when, etc.).
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p. 131 part 9 - Complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the verbs.
1 had made (“My father made friends and helped them, but illness followed quickly.”)
2 had helped
3 had followed
4 had had / had
5 hadn’t killed / didn’t kill
	(“Although we had our own diseases, they didn’t kill like malaria.”)
  or	(“Although we have our own diseases, they don’t kill like malaria.”)
6 had died (“The people who died had knowledge that I need.”)
7 needed
8 didn’t have (“...and I don’t have any way of getting this knowledge now.”)
9 wasn’t marked (passive)
10 would take
	(“If the forest isn’t marked as ours, the outsiders will take it all.” - first conditional)
11 was
12 could stop
	(“My group is now small as a result. How can we stop this from happening again?”)
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Homework: p. 171 practice 1