debug-template

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using db = double;
using str = string; // yay python!

using pi = pair<int,int>;
using pl = pair<ll,ll>;
using pd = pair<db,db>;

using vi = vector<int>;
using vb = vector<bool>;
using vl = vector<ll>;
using vd = vector<db>;
using vs = vector<str>;
using vpi = vector<pi>;
using vpl = vector<pl>;
using vpd = vector<pd>;

#define tcT template<class T
#define tcTU tcT, class U
// ^ lol this makes everything look weird but I'll try it
tcT> using V = vector<T>;
tcT, size_t SZ> using AR = array<T,SZ>;
tcT> using PR = pair<T,T>;

// pairs
#define mp make_pair
#define f first
#define s second

#define sz(x) (int)(x).size()

// loops
#define FOR(i,a,b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); ++i)
#define F0R(i,a) FOR(i,0,a)
#define ROF(i,a,b) for (int i = (b)-1; i >= (a); --i)
#define R0F(i,a) ROF(i,0,a)
#define trav(a,x) for (auto& a: x)

 // INPUT
#define tcTUU tcT, class ...U
tcT> void re(complex<T>& c);
tcTU> void re(pair<T,U>& p);
tcT> void re(vector<T>& v);
tcT, size_t SZ> void re(AR<T,SZ>& a);

tcT> void re(T& x) { cin >> x; }
void re(db& d) { str t; re(t); d = stod(t); }
void re(ld& d) { str t; re(t); d = stold(t); }
tcTUU> void re(T& t, U&... u) { re(t); re(u...); }

tcT> void re(complex<T>& c) { T a,b; re(a,b); c = {a,b}; }
tcTU> void re(pair<T,U>& p) { re(p.f,p.s); }
tcT> void re(vector<T>& x) { trav(a,x) re(a); }
tcT, size_t SZ> void re(AR<T,SZ>& x) { trav(a,x) re(a); }
tcT> void rv(int& n, vector<T>& x) { re(n); x.rsz(n); trav(a,x) re(a); }

// TO_STRING
#define ts to_string
str ts(char c) { return str(1,c); }
str ts(const char* s) { return (str)s; }
str ts(str s) { return s; }
str ts(bool b) {
    #ifdef LOCAL
        return b ? "true" : "false";
    #else
        return ts((int)b);
    #endif
}
tcT> str ts(complex<T> c) {
    stringstream ss; ss << c; return ss.str(); }
str ts(vector<bool> v) {
    str res = "{"; F0R(i,sz(v)) res += char('0'+v[i]);
    res += "}"; return res; }
template<size_t SZ> str ts(bitset<SZ> b) {
    str res = ""; F0R(i,SZ) res += char('0'+b[i]);
    return res; }
tcTU> str ts(pair<T,U> p);
tcT> str ts(T v) { // containers with begin(), end()
    #ifdef LOCAL
        bool fst = 1; str res = "{";
        for (const auto& x: v) {
            if (!fst) res += ", ";
            fst = 0; res += ts(x);
        }
        res += "}"; return res;
    #else
        bool fst = 1; str res = "";
        for (const auto& x: v) {
            if (!fst) res += " ";
            fst = 0; res += ts(x);
        }
        return res;

    #endif
}
tcTU> str ts(pair<T,U> p) {
    #ifdef LOCAL
        return "("+ts(p.f)+", "+ts(p.s)+")";
    #else
        return ts(p.f)+" "+ts(p.s);
    #endif
}

// OUTPUT
tcT> void pr(T x) { cout << ts(x); }
tcTUU> void pr(const T& t, const U&... u) {
    pr(t); pr(u...); }
void ps() { pr("\n"); } // print w/ spaces
tcTUU> void ps(const T& t, const U&... u) {
    pr(t); if (sizeof...(u)) pr(" "); ps(u...); }

 // DEBUG
void DBG() { cerr << "]" << endl; }
tcTUU> void DBG(const T& t, const U&... u) {
    cerr << ts(t); if (sizeof...(u)) cerr << ", ";
    DBG(u...); }
#ifdef LOCAL // compile with -DLOCAL, chk -> fake assert
    #define dbg(...) cerr << "Line(" << __LINE__ << ") -> [" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]: [", DBG(__VA_ARGS__)
    #define chk(...) if (!(__VA_ARGS__)) cerr << "Line(" << __LINE__ << ") -> function(" \
         << __FUNCTION__  << ") -> CHK FAILED: (" << #__VA_ARGS__ << ")" << "\n", exit(0);
#else
    #define dbg(...) 0
    #define chk(...) 0
#endif

// FILE I/O
void setIn(str s) { freopen(s.c_str(),"r",stdin); }
void setOut(str s) { freopen(s.c_str(),"w",stdout); }
void unsyncIO() { cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0); }
void setIO(str s = "") {
    unsyncIO();
    // cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
    // throws exception when do smth illegal
    // ex. try to read letter into int
    if (sz(s)) { setIn(s+".in"), setOut(s+".out"); } // for USACO
}
int main() {
    // setIO();
    {
        vector<bool> v = {0,1,1,0,1};
        ps(v);
        bitset<5> b; b[3] = 1;
        ps(b);
    }
    {
        int a = 1;
        ll b = 2;
        db c = 3;
        char d = '4';
        str e = "5";
        bool f = true;
        complex<double> g(1,2);
        ps("OK",a,b,c,d,e,f,g);
    }
    {
        pair<int, int> a = {1, 2};
        pair<string, bool> b = {"abcd", false};
        pair<char, float> c = {'x', 0.5};
        string d = "This is a string";
        pair<int, pair<int, int> > e = {1, {2, 3}};
        dbg(a, b, c, d, e);
        dbg();
    }
    {
        vector<int> a = {1, 2, 3, 4};
        set<int> b = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5};
        map<string, int> c;
        c["string 1"] = 1;
        c["string 2"] = 2;
        dbg(a, b, c);

        unordered_map<string, int> d;
        d["string 3"] = 3;
        d["string 4"] = 4;
        multiset<int> e = {5, 5, 4, 3, 1, 1, 2};
        vector<vector<int> > f = {{1, 2, 3}};
        dbg(d, e, f);
    }
    {
        int a = 1;
        int b = 2;
        dbg(a + b, a * b, a / b, a - b, a / (float)b, 2019, 2019 - 1);
    }
}