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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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- Homework: p. 152 exercise 3 - Complete the paragraph with adjectives in the correct order.
- 2 really useful (intensifier + opinion)
- 3 bright purple flannel (modifier + color + material)
- 4 pretty new French (opinion + age + origin)
- 5 original plastic (age/condition + material)
- 6 incredibly ugly, useless antique / useless, incredibly ugly antique (opinion + opinion + age)
- 7 plenty of expensive brand-new brightly colored European
- (determiner + price + age + color + origin)
- 8 over-crowded little dark bedroom (opinion + size + “color” + noun modifier)
- 9 nice handmade Italian (opinion + origin 1 + origin 2)
- 10 nice new (opinion + age)
- 11 poor old (opinion + age)
- 12 terrible frightening / frightening terrible (opinion + opinion)
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- Sometimes an adjective that looks like it belongs in an “earlier” category is actually more fundamental to what we’re talking about
- “North American black bear” and “European black bear”
- - The type of animal is a black bear. There is a North American and a European variety.
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- Participles as adjectives
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- The teacher is bored because the students aren’t interesting.
- The teacher is boring so the students aren’t interested.
- For many pairs like this:
- - past participle form is a feeling (bored, surprised, interested, tired, confused)
- - present participle form (ing) is the cause (boring, surprising, interesting, tiring, confusing)
- More generally:
- - past partciple form is for the (passive) receiver of an action (stolen car, cooked steak, burnt toast)
- - present participle form is for the (active) agent of an action (burning sun, loving mother, managing dir.)
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- We can modify participles with the same words we can use with the original verbs:
- A well-known actor is known well (known by many people).
- A dangerous-looking animal looks dangerous.
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- p. 155 exercise 6 - Complete the sentences with the correct participle forms.
- 1 a confused
- b confusing
- 2 a disappointing
- b disappointed
- 3 a Frightened
- b Frightening
- 4 a satisfying
- b sadisfied
- 5 a interested
- b interesting
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- - “frightening children” could mean children who are frightening OR could mean the action of scaring children
- “Frightening children live in the forest.” - the children are scary
- “Frigthening children isn’t a nice thing to do.” - the action isn’t nice
- - “was frightening” could mean there was a frightening thing in the past OR could be past continuous
- “That movie was frightening. I didn’t like it.” - it was a frightening movie (adjective)
- “That movie was frightening the kids, so I turned it off.” - past continuous
- - Some -ing verbs are also simple nouns:
- “This word has a difficult spelling.”
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- Homework (optional): exercise 7 and 8 (before trying 8 you should read p. 157 focus 5)
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