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"Environmental influences—including learning, social interactions, and even psychotherapy—can produce alterations in gene expression... This means that the environment literally gets under the skin and changes the structure and function of the brain."
Source: Dr. Eric Kandel, Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine, American Journal of Psychiatry: A New Intellectual Framework for Psychiatry (1998).

"There is no 'inner' self that is independent of the 'outer' world. The organism is the site of the interaction of the two... the environment is not a structure imposed on living beings from the outside but is in fact a creation of those beings."
Source: Dr. Richard Lewontin, Evolutionary Biologist at Harvard University, Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA (1991).

"Early experiences are built into our bodies... Stressful experiences in early childhood can result in biological ‘memories’ that influence how the brain and other organ systems function throughout life."
Source: Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, The Science of Early Childhood Development (2007).

"It is impossible to understand a gene’s effect without understanding the environment in which it is expressed. A 'gene for' something is actually a 'gene for responding to the environment' in a certain way."
Source: Dr. Robert Sapolsky, Professor of Biology and Neurology at Stanford University, Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst (2017).

"Genes are not destiny. They are a set of possibilities. Environment is the hand that selects which possibilities become reality. The environment—including the social environment—actually changes the way our genes are expressed."
Source: Dr. Gabor Maté, The Myth of Normal: Trauma, Illness, and Healing in a Toxic Culture (2022).

"The genome is a dynamic entity, it’s not a static blueprint. It is constantly responding to the environment. The environment is the architect of the brain and the architect of the genome."
Source: Dr. Moshe Szyf, Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at McGill University and pioneer in the field of epigenetics, Epigenetics and the Environmental Regulation of the Genome (2009).

"The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age... are the fundamental drivers of health and behavior. These social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities."
Source: Sir Michael Marmot, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London, The Health Gap: The Challenge of an Unequal World (2015).

"ZIP code is a better predictor of health and life expectancy than genetic code. The social and physical environment is the primary determinant of individual outcomes."
Source: Dr. Anthony Iton, Senior Vice President of Healthy Communities at The California Endowment (referencing the widespread Public Health Social Determinants data models).