list = ('dog', 'cat', 'mouse')

for animal in list:
    animal = {}

animals = ('dog', 'cat', 'mouse')

# Не знаю что вы там хотите сделать со словарем, пусть будет в нем
# количество животных
animal_by_number = dict()

for animal in animals:
    animal_by_number[animal] = 0

# Вместо тех 3 строк (объявление и цикл) можно использовать генератор:
# animal_by_number = {animal : 0 for animal in animals}

animal_by_number['dog'] = 10
animal_by_number['cat'] = 5

print(animal_by_number)  # {'cat': 5, 'dog': 10, 'mouse': 0}

animals = ['dog', 'cat', 'mouse']

dog = cat = mouse = None

for animal in animals:
    if animal == 'dog':
        dog = {'name': animal}
    elif animal == 'cat':
        cat = {'name': animal}
    elif animal == 'mouse':
        mouse = {'name': animal}

print(dog)  # {'name': 'dog'}
print(cat)  # {'name': 'cat'}
print(mouse)  # {'name': 'mouse'}

# Список, обращение идет по индексам
animals_obj_list = [{'name': animal} for animal in animals]

# Словарь, обращение идет по ключу -- имени животному
animals_obj_dict = {animal: {'name': animal} for animal in animals}

print(animals_obj_list)  # [{'name': 'dog'}, {'name': 'cat'}, {'name': 'mouse'}]
print(animals_obj_list[0])  # {'name': 'dog'}
print()
print(animals_obj_dict)  # {'dog': {'name': 'dog'}, 'cat': {'name': 'cat'}, 'mouse': {'name': 'mouse'}}
print(animals_obj_dict['dog'])  # {'name': 'dog'}

animals = ['dog', 'cat', 'mouse']
animals_property = ['age', 'delicious']

animal_dict = {}.fromkeys(animals)
print(animal_dict)
# {'mouse': None, 'dog': None, 'cat': None}
for animal in animals:
    animal_dict[animal] = {}.fromkeys(animals_property)
print(animal_dict)
# {'dog': {'delicious': None, 'age': None}, 'mouse': {'delicious': None, 'age': None}, 'cat': {'delicious': None, 'age': None}}

mouse = animal_dict['mouse']
mouse['delicious'] = 'YES!'
mouse['age'] = 1
print(animal_dict['mouse'])
# {'age': 1, 'delicious': 'YES!'}

animals = ['dog', 'cat', 'mouse']

    for animal in animals:
    # тут я хочу создать словарь с именем животного
    # тут я хочу внести в словарь индекс 'name' и в значение - имя животного

# на выходе хочу получить
print(dog) # {'name': 'dog'}
print(cat) # {'name': 'cat'}
print(mouse) # {'name': 'mouse'}