Vortbuce Avendoniano

a					prep.	to, toward				Lat. ad
a					n. f	river					PG. *ahwō
abere				v.		to have, to possess		PG. *habjaną
abere afolgo		n. m.	to succeed				see constituent parts
acarno				n. m.	acorn					PG. *akraną
acro				n. m.	field, farmland			PG. *akraz
acumare				v.		to obtain, to receive	PG. *bikwemaną				also "to be enjoyable" p. acam-
adalarne			n. m.	eagle					PG. *aþalaz + arô
adecere				v.		to cover				PG. *biþakjaną
adencere			v.		to bethink, to consider	PG. *biþankijaną
admere				v.		to breathe				from admo
admo				n. m.	breath, breathing		PG. *aþmaz
adragare			v.		to amount to, to be		a- + dragare				"to behave" (reflexive) p. adrug-
adrigare			v.		to deceive, to cheat	PG. *bidreuganą				"cheat" as in "cheat on" p. adrog-
adringare			v.		to beset				a- + dringare				p. adrang-
afalare				v.		to please, to appeal	a- + falare					p. afil-
afolgere			v.		to happen, to ensue		a- + folgere
afolgo				n. m.	success, result			from afolgere
afriiere			v.		to free, to liberate	a- + friio + -ere
agastra				n. f.	magpie					PG. *agalistrijǭ
agatusa				n. f.	witch, sorceress		PG. *hagatusjǭ				also agatuse (m)
agevare				v.		to admit, to confess	a- + gevare					p. agav-
aglavero			n. m.	shotgun					aglo + avero
aglo				n. m.	hail (weather)			PG. *haglaz
agrabare			v.		to bury					PG. *bigrabaną				p. agrub-
agripare			v.		to comprehend			PG. *bigrīpaną				intellectually. p. f. tone
aie					n. m.	shark					Du. haai
alacere				v.		to laugh at				a- + lacere
alacico				adj.	ridiculous, laughable	alacere + -ico
alcole				n. m.	alcohol					Lat. alcohol
aldare				v.		to hold, to keep		PG. *haldaną				p. ild-
alere				v.		to fetch, to get		PG. *halōną
alico				adj.	alike, similar			PG. *galīkaz
alina				n. f.	ulna, yard (unit)		PG. *alinō					through VL *alina
alivare				v.		to remain, to stay		PG. *bilībaną				p. f. tone
almo				n. m.	stalk, stem, straw		PG. *halmaz
alove				n. m.	belief					PG. *galaubô
also				n. m.	neck, throat			PG. *halsaz
alto				adj.	old						PG. *aldaz
amara				n. f.	ammer, yellowhammer		PG. *amazǭ
amsla				n. f.	blackbird				PG. *amslǭ
ancelo				n. m.	ankle					PG. *ankalaz
anedrece			n. m.	drake					PG. *anudrekô
anemare				v.		to take away; deprive	a + nemare					p. anam-
anemato				adj.	numb					participle of anemare
anepe				n. m.	hemp, cannabis			PG. *hanapiz
anesare				v.		to recover, to heal		PG. *ganesaną				p. anas-
anguste				n. f.	fear, anxiety, angst	PG. *angustiz
angusticere			v.		to frighten, to terrify	anguste + -ico + -ere
anitare				v.		to enjoy				PG. *ganeutaną				p. anot-
anodicere			v.		to need, to require		a- + nodico + -ere
antavero			n. m.	pistol, handgun			anto + avero
antbalolsprava		n. f.	submachine gun			anto + balolsprava
ante				adv.	before					Lat. ante
antlanca			n. f.	wrist					anto + lanca
anto				n. f.	hand					PG. *handuz					u-stem
antsco				n. m.	glove					anto + sco
apalsina			n. f.	orange (fruit)			aplo + Sina
ape					n. m.	ape, monkey				PG. *apô
aplo				n. m.	apple, fruit			PG. *aplaz
arbetarilaga		n. f.	working class			arbetario + laga
arbetario			n. m.	worker, labourer		arbete + -ario
arbete				n. m.	work, labour, toil		PG. *arbaidiz
arbetere			v.		to work, to labour		PG. *arbaidijaną
archiatro			n. m.	physician, doctor		Lat. archīāter				also archiatra (f)
aredo				adj.	ready, prepared			PG. *raidaz
argo				adj.	bad, awful, indecent	PG. *argaz
aritere				v.		to correct, to amend	PG. *garihtijaną
arito				n. m.	reform, amendment		from aritere
arivare				v.		to regret				a- + rivare					p. aruv-
armo				n. m.	arm (anatomy)			PG. *armaz
aro					n. m.	hair					PG. *hērą
arto				adj.	hard					PG. *harduz					declines like u-stem
artvaldo			n. m.	tyrrany					arto + valdo
arurere				v.		to touch				a- + rurere
aruvicere			v.		to calm, to pacify		a- + ruvico + -ere
asalo				n. m.	hazel					PG. *hasalaz
asco				n. m.	ash (tree)				PG. *askaz
ascovere			v.		to consider, to regard	a- + scovere
asefere				v.		to realise, to notice	PG. *sabjaną
asla				n. f.	armpit, shoulder		PG. *ahslō
aslato				n. m.	gender, sex				cognate with Du. geslacht
aspa				n. f. 	aspen					PG. *aspǭ
aso					n. m.	carrion, bait			PG. *ēsą					see also curdro
asorgere			v.		to cause concern		a- + sorgere
asorgita			n. f.	concern, worry, anxiety	asorgere + -ita
astemere			v.		to agree, to determine	a- + stemere
astemeto			adj.	definite, certain		ptcp. of astemere
asucere				v.		to visit				a- + sucere
ata					n. f.	attention, regard		PG. *ahtō
atere				v.		to esteem, to respect	ata + -ere
ate					n. m.	papa, dad				PG. *attô
atina				n. f.	hate, hatred			PG. *hataz					through VL. *hatina
atinere				v.		to hate					PG. *hatōną					infl. by atina
avande				n. m.	evening					PG. *ēbanþs
avandmalo			n. m.	supper, dinner			avande + malo
avero				n. m.	rifle					cognate with verere
avuco				n. m.	hawk					PG. *habukaz
bace				n. f.	brook, stream			PG. *bakiz
balo				n. m.	ball, sphere			PG. *ballaz
balolo				n. m.	bullet					dim. of balo
balolsprava			n. f.	machine gun				bololo+sprava
bance				n. m.	bench, bank (finance)	PG. *bankiz
barco				n. m.	bark (of a tree)		PG. *barkuz					u-stem
bedi				det.	both					PG. *bai-
bedio				n. m.	bed						PG. *badją
bela				n. f.	bell					PG. *bellǭ
beno				n. m.	bone					PG. *bainą
bere				n. m.	bear					PG. *berô
bergare				v.		to shelter, to save		PG. *berganą				p. barg-
bergo				n. m.	mountain				PG. *bergaz
bia					n. f.	bee						PG. *bijō
bidare				v.		to wait, to bide		PG. *bīdaną					p. f. tone
bidere				v.		to bid, to request		PG. *bidjaną
bilidio				n. m.	image, likeness			PG. *biliþją
bindare				v.		to bind, to tie			PG. *bindaną				p. band-
birca				n. f.	birch					PG. *birkijǭ
biro				n. m.	beer					PG. *beuzą
bitare				v.		to bite					PG. *bītaną[/i]				p. f. tone.
blacfisco			n. m.	squid, octopus			blaco + fisco
blaco				n. m.	ink						PG. *blakaz
blaiare				v.		to flutter in the wind	PG. *blēaną					p. blii-
blasa				n. f.	bladder					OWG. *blāsa
blasare				v.		to blow					PG. *blēsaną
blato				n. m.	leaf, sheet, blade		PG. *bladą
blavo				adj.	blue					PG. *blēwaz					part. through VL blāvus
blio				n. m.	lead (metal)			PG. *blīwą
blinto				adj.	blind					PG. *blindaz
blivare				v.		to beat (up)			PG. *blewwaną				p. bluv-
bludere				v.		to bleed				PG. *blōþijaną
bluiare				v.		to bloom, to flower		PG. *blōaną
blume				n. m.	flower					PG. *blōmô
bluto				n. m.	blood					PG. *blōþą
blutroto			adj.	blood-red				PG. *blōþaraudaz
boge				n. m.	bow						PG. *bugô
bolstro				n. m.	cushion, pillow			PG. *bulstraz
bomo				n. m.	tree					PG. *baumaz
bordo				n. m.	board, plank, shelf		PG. *burdą
brava				n. f.	brow, eyebrow			PG. *brēwō
brecare				v.		to break				PG. *brekaną				p. brac-
bredo				n. m.	board, plank, table		PG. *bredą
brenere				v.		to burn (intransitive)	PG. *brannijaną
brestare			v.		to burst, to split		PG. *brestaną				p. brast-
bringare			v.		to bring				PG. *bringaną
broto				n. m.	bread					PG. *braudą
brudre				n. m.	brother					PG. *brōþēr
brune				n. m.	well, source			PG. *brunnô
bruno				adj.	brown					PG. *brūnaz
bruste				n. f.	breast, chest			PG. *brusts
buare				v.		to build, to construct	PG. *būaną
buca				n. f.	beech					PG. *bōkijǭ, *bōkō
buce				n. m.	book					PG. *bōks
buco				n. m.	belly, abdomen			PG. *būkaz
busmo				n. m.	bosom, chest			PG. *bōsmaz
buso				n. f.	box, container			PG. *buhsuz					u-stem
buta				n. f.	penance, fine			PG. *bōtō
butera				n. f.	butter					PG. *buterǭ
ca					adv.	how, as					Lat. quam
cacto				n. m.	cactus					Lat. cactus					later borrowing
calto				adj.	cold					PG. *kaldaz
cana				n. f.	jug, pot, can			PG. *kannǭ
canale				n. m.	canal, channel			Lat. canalis				later borrowing
cardenale			n. m.	cardinal				Lat. cardinālis
casio				n. m.	cheese					PG. *kāsijaz
ce					pron.	what					Lat. quid
ce iomere			det.	whatever				ce + iomere
cela				n. f.	throat					PG. *kelǭ
Celo				n. m.	Heaven					Lat. caelum					in the Christian sense
cenere				v.		to be acquainted with	PG. *kannijaną
cerca				prep.	around, near			Lat. circā
cercastantita		n. f.	circumstance			cerca- + stanti + ita
cerere				v.		to turn, to sweep		PG. *karzijaną
cerva				n. f.	score, notch			PG. *kerbǭ					related to PG. *kurbiz
cervare				v.		to carve, to cut		PG. *kerbaną				p. carv-
cervdiro			n. m.	insect, bug				cerva + diro
cevre				n. m.	beetle					PG. *kebrô
checiupe			n. m.	ketchup					English loanword
cime				n. m.	sprout, germ			PG. *kīmô
cinare				v.		to sprout				PG. *kīnaną
cindo				n. m.	child					PG. *kinþą
cino				n. f.	chin					PG. *kinnuz					u-stem
cisare				v.		to choose, to elect		PG. *keusaną				p. cos-
clagere				v.		to complain				PG. *klagōną
clango				n. m.	sound, tone				related to clingare			also "reputation"
clava				n. f.	claw					PG. *klawō
cledo				n. m.	dress					PG. *klaiþą
clene				adj.	small, fine				PG. *klainiz
clinga				n. f.	blade, edge				from clingare
clingare			v.		to sound				PG. *klinganą				p. clang-
clivare				v.		to cleave, to cut		PG. *kleubaną				p. clov-
clovloco			n. m.	garlic					PG. *klubô? +loco			lit. "clove-leek"; see clivare
co					con.	with					Lat. cum
codencere			v.		to remember				co- + dencere
comene				adj.	common, mutual, general	PG. *gamainiz				declines like e-stem noun
comenismo			n. m.	communism				comene + -ismo
comenista			n. f.	communist				comene + -ista				can also be masculine
comenistico			adj.	communist				comenista + -ico
contra				prep.	against					Lat. contrā
contrario			adj.	contrary, opposite		contra- + -ario
contravorto			n. m.	answer					contra- + vorto
copo				n. m.	crown of the head		PG. *kuppaz
cosele				n. m.	companion, associate	PG. *gasalijô				also cosela (f.)
coselicismo			n. m.	socialism				coselico + -ismo
coselicista			n. f.	socialist				coselico + -ista			can also be masculine
coselicistico		adj.	socialist				coselicista + -ico
coselico			adj.	social					cosele + -ico
coselita			n. f.	society					cosele + -ita
coso				n. m.	kiss					PG. *kussaz
costere				v.		to taste				PG. *kustōną
crafto				n. m.	strength, power, force	PG. *kraftaz
craia				n. f.	crow					PG. *krēǭ
crane				n. m.	crane, tap, faucet		PG. *kranô					both bird and machine
crigo				n. m.	war						PG. *krīgaz
cristianita			n. f.	Christianity			Lat. Christiānitās
cristiano			adj.	Christian				Lat. Christiānus
Cristmesa			n. f.	Christmas				Cristo + mesa
Cristo				n. m.	Christ					Lat. Christus
crocefiso			n. m.	crucifix				Lat. crucefixus
crose				n. f.	cross					Lat. crux
cuco				n. m.	cuckoo					onomatopœic					u-stem
culo				adj.	cool					PG. *kōlaz
cumare				v.		to come					PG. *kwemaną				also as in "come to be", p. cam-
cunare				v.		to be able to, can		PG. *kunnaną
cunio				n. m.	family, kin				PG. *kunją
cunste				n. f.	art						PG. *kunstiz
curdrere			v.		to bait					curdro + -ere
curdro				n. m.	bait					OHG. querdar
cure				n. f.	choice					PG. *kuziz
curto				adj.	short					PG. *kurtaz
cusere				v.		to kiss					PG. *kussijaną
cvala				n. f.	torment, agony			PG. *kwalō
daco				n. m.	roof					PG. *þaką
dagico				adj.	daily, diurnal			dago + -ico
dago				n. m.	day						PG. *dagaz
dalo				n. m.	valley, dale			PG. *dalą
danco				n. m.	gratitude, thanks		PG. *þankaz					plural for the interjection
darmo				n. m.	intestine				PG. *þarmaz
daso				n. m.	badger					PG. *þahsuz					u-stem
dava				n. f.	jackdaw					PG. *dēhǭ
de					pr.		of, from				Lat. dē
dece				n. f.	blanket, cover			from decere
decere				v.		to thatch, to cover		PG. *þakjaną
defalare			v.		to fall off				de- + falare				p. defil-
defalo				n. m.	waste, rubbish			from defalare
deftico				adj.	suitable, presentable	PG. *daftuz
dele				n. m.	part, portion, deal		PG. *dailiz
delere				v.		to divide, to deal		PG. *dailijaną
demone				n. m.	demon					Lat. daemōn
dencere				v.		to think				PG. *þankijaną
Deo					n. m.	God						Lat. Deus					alt. to w/ Goto
desslare			v.		to smash, to shatter	des- + slare				p. desslu-
detro				adv.	back, behind			Lat. dē + retrō
diio				n. m.	thigh					PG. *þeuhą
diro				n. m.	animal, beast			PG. *deuzą
dipo				adj.	deep					PG. *deupaz
disco				n. m.	plate, dish				PG. *diskuz					u-stem
ditare				v.		to compose (poetry)		Lat. dictare
ditatore			n. m.	poet					ditare + -tore				also ditatrice (f.)
ditcunste			n. f.	poetry					ditare + cunste
dito				n. m.	poem					from ditare
doctre				n. m/f.	doctor					Lat. doctor					later borrowing; title
dodere				v.		to kill					PG. *daudijaną
dofo				adj.	deaf					PG. *daubaz
dolitico			adj.	crepuscular				dolito + -ico
dolito				n. m.	twilight				do + lito
domenico			n. m.	Sunday					Lat. (diēs) Dominica
Domeno				n. m.	Lord (Christian)		Lat. Dominus				oft. w/ def. art.
donarsdago			n. m.	Thursday				PG. *Þunras dagaz
doto				adj.	dead					PG. *daudaz
dotre				n. f.	daughter				PG. *duhtēr
dragare				v.		to draw, to pull		PG. *draganą				p. drug-
dragilo				n. m.	slave					PG. *þragilaz
draiere				v.		to turn, to rotate		PG. *þrēaną
drincare			v.		to drink				PG. *drinkaną				p. dranc-
dringare			v.		to press, push, force	PG. *þrinhwaną				p. drang-
drivare				v.		to compel to go, drive	PG. *drībaną				p. f. tone
dromere				v.		to dream				PG. *draumijaną
dromo				n. m.	dream					PG. *draumaz
drosca				n. f.	thrush					PG. *þrastuz, *þrustlō
drunce				n. m.	drink, draught			PG. *drunkiz
duco				n. m.	cloth, a cloth			PG. *dōkaz
duere				v.		to do					PG. *dōną					p. eo davi, etc.
dulte				n. f.	patience				PG. *þuldiz
dultere				v.		to endure, to tolerate	PG. *þulijaną				under influence of dulte
dultico				adj.	patient					dulte + -ico
dume				n. m.	thumb					PG. *þūmô
dumbo				adj.	dumb, stupid			PG. *dumbaz
duncalita			n. f.	dark, darkness			duncalo + -ita
duncalo				adj.	dark					PG. *dunkalaz
durare				v.		to dare, to venture		PG. *durzaną
durvare				v.		to need, to require		PG. *þurbaną
duva				n. f.	dove, pigeon			PG. *dūbǭ
e					con.	and						Lat. et
ecdago				adv.	today					eco + dago
ece					n. f.	oak						PG. *aiks
eclesia				n. f.	church					Lat. ecclēsia
eftere				v.		to stitch, to embroider	OHG. heften
ega					n. f.	corner, edge			PG. agjō
eganita				n. f.	property				egano + -ita
egano				adj.	own						PG. *aiganaz
egare				v.		to possess, to own		PG. *aiganą
eie					n. m.	egg						PWG. *ajjaz
Ela					n. f.	hell, underworld		PG. *haljō					capitalised for disambig.
ela					n. f.	heel (of the foot)		PG. *hanhilaz
elagere				v.		to hallow, to sanctify	PG. *hailagōną
elago				adj.	holy, sacred			PG. *hailagaz
elando				n. m.	island					PG. *awjōlandą
elare				v.		to hide, to conceal		PG. *helaną					refl. for intr. p. al-
elere				v.		to heal (ergative)		PG. *hailijaną
elido				n. m.	hero					PG. *haliþaz				also f. elida
elinboge			n. m.	elbow					PG. *alinabugô
elmo				n. m.	helmet, helm			PG. *helmaz
elo					adj.	bright, light, clear	cognate with HG hell
elpa				n. f.	help, aid, assistance	PG. *helpō
elpare				v.		to help, to aid			PG. *helpaną				p. alp-
embrestare			v.		to implode				en- + brestare				p. enbrast-
embrestatio			n. f.	implosion				enbrestare + -tio
en					pr.		in, into, on			Lat. in
enbilidere			v.		to delude				en- + bilidio + -ere		esp. w/ grandeur
enbilideto			adj.	arrogant, pretentious	ptcp. of enbilidere			esp. when baseless
encumare			v.		to arrive, to depend on	en- + cumare				latter w/ sorso, p. encam-
endicie				adv.	at last, finally		adv. of endico
endico				adj.	finite, limited			endio + -ico
endio				n. m.	end						PG. *andijaz
endragare			v.		to enter, to record		en- + dragare				p. endrug-
endrago				n. m.	entry (in a record)		from endragare
enduere				v.		to turn on, to don		en- + duere
enede				n. f.	duck					PG. *anudz
enfrisare			v.		to freeze (transitive)	en- + frisare				p. enfros-
engilo				n. m.	angel					PG. *angiluz
engo				adj.	narrow, tight			PG. *anguz					declines like u-stem noun
enstecare			v.		to infect, to set fire	en- + stecare				p. enstac-
era					n. f.	honour, respect, glory	PG. *aizō
erda				n. f.	earth, soil, ground		PG. *erþō					capitalised for planet
erdaplo				n. m.	potato					erda + aplo
erfurtita			n. f.	awe						era + furtita
erio				n. m.	army					PG. *harjaz
ernusto				n. m.	gravity, seriousness	PG. *ernustuz				u-stem
ernusto				adj.	serious, earnest		from ernusto
ero					n. m.	lord, master, Mr.		PG. *hairaz
erte				n. m.	heart					PG. *hertô
ertslage			n. m.	heartbeat				erte + slage
ervisto				n. m.	autumn, fall			PG. *harbistaz
esbrestare			v.		to explode				es- + brestare				p. esbrast-
esbrestatio			n. f.	explosion				esbrestare + -tio
esde				adv.	out from				Lat. dēex
esilo				n. m.	donkey					PG. *asiluz					u-stem
estiare				v.		to take off, pull out	es- + tiare					p. estog-
esspraca			n. f.	phrase					from essprecare
essprecare			v.		to pronounce, to utter	es- + sprecare				p. essprac-
estre				adv.	outside					Lat. exter
eta					con.	so						Lat. ita
etare				v.		to eat					PG. *etaną					p. at-
etia				adv.	too, also, as well		Lat. etiam
etmuto				n. m.	mania					eto+muto
eto					adj.	hot						PG. *haitaz
etro				n. m.	poison, venom			PG. *aitrą
facla				n. f.	torch					Lat. facula
fada				n. f.	paternal aunt			PG. *faþō
fadre				n. m.	father					PG. *fadēr
fagro				adj.	beautiful, fair			PG. *fagraz
falare				v.		to fall					PG. *fallaną				p. fil-
falcone				n. m.	falcon					PG. *falkô					through Lat. falcō
faldare				v.		to fold					PG. *falþaną
faldistulo			n. m.	folding chair			PG. *faldistōlaz
fane				n. m.	flag					PG. *fanô
fange				n. m.	cature, plunder, booty	PG. *fangiz
fara				n. f.	danger					PG. *fērō
fare				v.		to sieze, to capture	PG. *fanhaną
farva				n. f.	colour					PG. *farwō
federe				n. m.	paternal uncle			PG. *fadurjô
fedra				n. f.	feather					PG. *feþrō
feldo				n. m.	field					PG. *felþą
feliso				n. m.	rock, cliff				PG. *falisaz
fenio				n. m.	fen, marsh, swamp		PG. *fanją
fetare				v.		to fight (intransitive)	PG. *fehtaną				p. fot-
feto				adj.	fat						PG. *fatidaz
feto				n. m.	fat						from feto
feto				n. m.	fight, battle			from fetare
fiande				n. m.	enemy					PG. *fijandz				can also be feminine
fiandico			adj.	hostile, enemy			fiande + -ico
fifaltra			n. f.	butterfly				PG. *fifaldǭ
fiiismo				n. m.	capitalism				fio + -ismo
fiiista				n. f.	capitalist				fio + -ista					can also be masculine
fiiistico			adj.	capitalist				fiiista + -ico
filo				adj.	much, a lot				PG. *felu					declines like u-stem
fince				n. m.	finch					PG. *finkô, *finkiz
findare				v.		to find					PG. *finþaną				p. fand-
fingro				n. m.	finger					PG. *fingraz
fio					n. m.	cattle, property		PG. *fehu					also "capital"
fiscario			n. m.	fisher, fisherman		PG. *fiskārijaz				also fiscaria (f)
fiscere				v.		to fish					PG. *fiskōną
fisco				n. m.	fish					PG. *fiskaz
fliiare				v.		to flee					PG. *fleuhaną				p. flov-
fliga				n. f.	fly						PG. *fleugǭ
fligare				v.		to fly					PG. *fleuganą				p. flog-
flugilo				n. m.	wing					PG. *flugilaz
fluro				n. m.	floor					PG. *flōraz
flute				n. f.	flight					PG. *fluhtiz				from both "fly" and "flee"
foglo				n. m.	bird					PG. *fuglaz
folcicismo			n. m.	nationalism				folcico + -ismo
folcicista			n. f.	nationalist				folcico + -ista				can also be masculine
folcicistico		adj.	nationalist				folcicista + -ico
folcico				adj.	national, ethnic		folco + -ico
folco				n. m.	folk, people, nation	PG. *fulką
folcvaldo			n. m.	democracy				folco+ valdo
folgere				v.		to follow				PG. *fulgijaną
forscere			v.		to research, to examine	PG. *furskōną
fraga				n. f.	question				OWG. *fraga
fragere				v. 		to ask, to inquire		PG. *frēgōną
fremide				adj.	foreign, strange		PG. *framaþiz				declines like e-stem noun
friadago			n. m.	Friday					PG. *Frijjōz dagaz
frido				n. m.	peace, sanctuary		PG. *friþuz					u-stem, see also VL. fridū
friiere				v.		to be a couple			PG. *frijōną				imperfect stem frig-
friiita				n. f.	freedom, liberty		friio + -ita
friio				adj.	free, unrestricted		PG. *frijaz
frinde				n. m.	friend					PG. *frijōndz				can also be feminine
frindico			adj.	friendly				frinde + -ico
frindola			n. f.	girlfriend, lover		f. dim. of frinde			see also liva
frindolo			n. m.	boyfriend, lover		m. dim. of frinde			see also livo
frisare				v.		to freeze				PG. *freusaną				p. fros-
fro					adj.	cheerful, merry			PG. *frawaz
frovida				n. f.	joy, happiness			PG. *frawiþō
frosto				n. m.	frost					PG. *frustaz
fruta				n. f.	fruit (botanical)		Lat. frūctus
fruva				n. f.	woman, wife, Mrs.		PG. *frawjǭ
fugere				v.		to join together		PG. *fōgijaną
fuire				n. m.	fire					PG. *fōr
fulere				v.		to feel					PG. *fōlijaną				touch and emotion
fulere				v.		to fill, to make full	PG. *fullijaną
fura				n. f.	fir, pine				PG. *furhō
furce				n. m.	pitchfork				PG. *furkô
furtere				v.		to fear, to be afraid	PG. *furhtijaną
furtita				n. f.	fright, fear, dread		furtere + -ita
fuso				n. m.	fox						PG. *fuhsaz
fuste				n. f.	fist					PG. *funstiz
fute				n. m.	foot					PG. *fōts
futere				v.		to moisten				PG. *funhtijaną
futo				adj.	wet, damp, humid		PG. *funhtijaz
gaie				n. m.	jay						Frk. *gāhi
ganse				n. m.	goose					PG. *gans
gardo				n. m.	enclosure, yard, garden	PG. *gardaz, *gardô			through VL. *gardus
gare				v.		to go					PG. *gāną					p. ging-
garno				n. m.	yarn					PG. *garnaz
gava				n. f.	gift, donation			PG. *gēbǭ
gavale				n. m.	fork					PG. *gabalô
geldare				v.		to pay, yield, be worth	PG. *geldaną				p. gald-
geldo				n. m.	money					PG. *geldą
gelo				adj.	yellow					PG. *gelwaz
gelroto				adj.	orange (colour)			gelo + roto
gerno				adj.	willing, eager			PG. *gernaz
gero				n. m.	spear, pike				PG. *gaizaz
gesto				n. m.	spirit, ghost, mind		PG. *gaistaz
gestro				adv.	yesterday				PG. *gestraz
gevare				v.		to give					PG. *gebaną					p. gav-
glaso				n. m.	glass					PG. *glasą
glesino				adj.	glass, glazen, glassy	PG. *glasīnaz
glude				n. f.	glow, ember, coal		PG. *glōdiz
gluiare				v.		glow					PG. *glōaną
gnio				n. m.	knee					PG. *knewą
goldo				n. m.	gold					PG. *gulþą
goto				n. m.	god, deity				PG. *gudą					capitalised for God
grabare				v.		to dig, to engrave		PG. *grabaną				p. grub-
grafo				n. m.	grave					PG. *grabą
grafte				n. m.	digging, carving, pus	PG. *graftuz
grato				n. m.	ridge					OHG. grāt					rare
gravo				adj.	grey					PG. *grēwaz
gripare				v.		to grab, to grasp		PG. *grīpaną				p. f. tone
groto				adj.	great, big				PG. *grautaz
grotdotre			n. f.	granddaughter			groto + dotre
grotfadre			n. m.	grandfather				groto + fadre
grotmudre			n. f.	grandmother				groto + mudre
grotsuno			n. m.	grandson				groto + suno
grundere			v.		to found				from grundo
grundo				n. m.	ground, foundation		PG. *grunduz				u-stem
grune				adj.	green					PG. *grōniz					declines like e-stem noun
grutere				v.		to greet				PG. *grōtijaną
gruva				n. f.	pit, quarry, ditch		PG. *grōbō
gurdere				v.		to gird					PG. *gurdijaną
gurdilo				n. m.	belt (clothing)			PG. *gurdilaz
guto				adj.	good					PG. *gōdaz
ia					adv.	now, already			Lat. iam
ia					int.	yes						PG. *ja
iaro				n. m.	year					PG. *jērą
iartite				n. f.	season					iaro+ tite
imbio				n. m.	swarm of bees			PG. *imbijaz
imilo				n. m.	sky, heaven				PG. *himilaz
immidico			adj.	immediate				in- +mido + -ico
Inferno				n. m.	Hell					Lat. infernum				in the Christian sense
indanci				prp.	despite, regardless of	in- + danci					often with a
iniomere			adv.	never					in- + iomere
inreto				adj.	wrong, immoral			in- + reto
inreto				n. m.	injustice, inequity		in- + reto					u-stem
inruvico			adj.	restless				in- + ruva + -ico
io					adv.	ever					PG. *aiwaz
iomere				adv.	always					io + mere
iradere				v.		to marry				from irado
irado				n. m.	marriage				PG. *hīwarēdaz
irnio				n. m.	brain					PG. *hurzniją
isarno				n. m.	iron					PG. *īsarną
iso					n. m.	ice						PG. *īsą
iungo				adj.	young					PG. *jungaz
ivo					n. m.	yew						PG. *īhwaz
laca				n. f.	pool, pond				PG. *lakō
lacere				v.		to laugh				PG. *hlahjaną, *hlakkōną
laga				n. f.	layer, class			PG. *lēgō
lago				adj.	low, level				PG. *lēgaz
lampada				n. f.	lamp, lantern			Lat. lampas, lampada
lanca				n. f.	joint (anatomy)			OHG. *lanca
lando				n. m.	land, country			PG. *lanþaz
landico				adj.	rustic					land + ico
lango				adj.	long					PG. *langaz
lare				adj.	empty					PG. *lēziz
latare				v.		to let					PG. *lētaną					p. lit-
lataro				n. m.	laughter				PG. *hlahtraz
lato				adj.	late					PG. *lataz
lecare				v.		to dance				PG. *laikaną
lece				n. m.	lick					from lecere
lecere				v.		to lick					PG. *likkōną
leco				n. m.	dance					PG. *laikaz
legere				v.		to lay					PG. *lagjaną				transitive only
legico				adj.	lazy					legere + -ico
lentino				n. m.	spring (season)			PG. *langatīnaz
lepilo				n. m.	spoon					PG. *lapilaz
lerere				v.		to teach				PG. *laizijaną
lernere				v.		to learn				PG. *liznaną
levo				n. m.	loaf					PG. *hlaibaz
leventi				adj.	alive					gerund of levere			does not decline
levere				n. m.	life					from levere
levere				v.		to live					PG. libjaną
leverico			adj.	lively, animated		levere + -ico
lico				n. m.	corpse, (dead) body		PG. *līką
lidare				v.		to suffer, go through	PG. *līþaną
lide				n. m.	person, people (pl.)	PG. *liudiz					also feminine
lido				n. m.	joint, member			PG. *liþuz					u-stem
ligare				v.		to lie (falsehood)		PG. *leuganą				p. log-
ligere				v.		to lie (on a surface)	PG. *ligjaną				p. lag-
linda				n. f.	linden					PG. *lindō
lipe				n. m.	lip						PG. *lipjô
lito				n. m.	light					PG. *leuhtą
lito				adj.	light, easy				PG. *linhtaz
liva				n. f.	love					PG. *leubō
liva				n. f.	sweetheart, girlfriend	from livo (adj.)			see also frindola
livabere			v.		to love					livo + abere				more common
livere				v.		to love					PG. leubōną					more solemn
livo				adj.	dear, beloved			PG. *leubaz
livo				n. m.	sweetheart, boyfriend	from livo (adj.)			see also frindolo
livra				n. f.	liver					PG. *librō
loco				n. m.	leek					PG. *laukaz
loslatare			v.		to release, to let go	loso + latare
loso				adj.	loose, lax, devoid		PG. *lausaz
lovere				v.		to praise				PG. *lubōną
lovo				n. m.	praise					PG. *lubą
luce				n. m.	luck, (good) fortune	Frk. *galukki
luftere				v.		to air, to ventilate	PG. *luftijaną
lufto				n. f.	air, sky, atmosphere	PG. *luftuz					u-stem
luge				n. m.	lie, falsehood			PG. *lugiz
lunge				n. m.	lung					PG. *lungô
luto				adj.	loud, sonorous			PG. *hlūdaz
luto				n. m.	sound, noise			PG. *hlūdaz
mace				n. m.	comrade, fellow, equal	PG. *makô
macere				v.		to make					PG. *makōną
macere el ofo		v.		to woo, to court		see constituent parts
machina				n. f.	machine					Lat. māchina				nonstandard, chiefly coastal Central
macico				adj.	easy, leisurely			PG. *makaz
magare				v.		to be able to, may		PG. *maganą
mage				n. m.	stomach					PG. *magô
malo				n. m.	meal					PG. *mēlą
managfaldere		v.		to multiply				OWG. *managfaldon
manago				adj.	many					PG. *managaz				rare
mane				n. m.	moon					PG. *mēnô
manendago			n. m.	Monday					PG. *mēniniz dagaz
mano				n. m.	man, husband			PG. *mannaz
manode				n. m.	month					PG. *mēnōþs
mantelo				n. m.	mantle, cloak			PG. *mantilaz, Lat. mantum
mapoldro			n. m.	maple					PG. *mapulaz
mara				n. f.	evil (female) spirit	PG. *marǭ					rare
margo				n. m.	marrow					PG. *mazgą
mata				n. f.	measure, size			PG. *mētō
mate				n. f.	might, power, strength	PG. *mahtiz
medo				n. m.	mead					PG. *meduz					u-stem
melcare				v.		to milk					PG. *melkaną				p. malc-
menere				v.		to signify, to intend	PG. *mainijaną
menisco				adj.	human					PG. *manniskaz
menisco				n. m.	human, human being		from menisco
meo					n. m.	gull, seagull			PG. *maiwaz
mere				adj/adv	more					PG. *maizô					does not decline, never for comparative
mere				n. m.	lake, body of water		PG. *mari
mesa				n. m.	titmouse				PG. *maisǭ
mesa				n. f.	mass (christianity)		VL. *missa
mesto				adj.	most					PG. *maistaz				also det. never for superlative
metare				v.		to measure				PG. *metaną					p. mat-
metesmo				adj.	same					VL. *metipsimus
metsaso				n. m.	knife					PG. *matisahsą
middagmalo			n. m.	lunch					middago + malo
middago				n. m.	mid-day, noon			mido + dago
midilo				n. m.	means, agent, medicine	PG. *midlą
mido				n. m.	middle					PG. *midją
miluce				n. f.	milk					PG. *meluks
mimarere			v.		to get lost in thought	PG. *mīmrōną
mora				n. f.	carrot, parsnip			PG. *murhō
morganmalo			n. m.	breakfast				morgano + malo
morgano				n. m.	morning, tomorrow (adv)	PG. *murginaz				from variant *murganaz
mota				n. f.	moth					see other WG cognates
mudio				adj.	tired, weary			PG. mōþaz					from WG var. *mōþijaz
mudre				n. f.	mother					PG. *mōdēr
mudrespraca			n. f.	native language			mudre + spraca
mudria				n. f.	maternal aunt			PG. *mōdrijǭ
muma				n. f.	mama, mum				PG. *mōmǭ
munare				v.		to remember				PG. *munaną
mundo				n. m.	mouth					PG. *munþaz
mutare				v.		must, have to, need to	PG. *mōtaną					aux. obl.
muto				n. m.	mood, courage			PG. *mōdaz
na					adj.	near, close				PG. *nēhw					does not decline
nace				n. m.	nape of the neck		PG. *hnakkô
naglo				n. m.	nail					PG. *naglaz
name				n. m.	name					PG. *namô
nara				n. f.	aid, deliverance		PG. *nazō
naste				adj.	next					PG. *nēhwist				does not decline
nastliva			n. f.	charity					naste + liva
nate				n. f.	night					PG. *nahts
natico				adj.	nightly, nocturnal		nate + -ico
natmara				n. f.	nightmare				nate + mara
nava				n. f.	hub, nave				PG. *nabō
navale				n. m.	navel					PG. *nabalô
navugero			n. m.	auger, borer			PG. *nabōgaizaz
ne					p/adv.	no, not					Lat. nē
nefe				n. m.	male cousin, nephew		PG. *nefô
nemare				v.		to take					PG. *nemaną					p. nam-
nenere				v.		to name, to call		PG. *namnijaną
nifte				n. f.	female cousin, niece	PG. *niftiz
nilo						nothing, no				Lat. nihilum				pronoun, noun, or adjective
nire				n. m.	kidney					PG. *neurô
nivo				adj.	new						PG. *niwjaz
node				n. f.	need, emergency			PG. *naudiz
nodicie				adv.	necessarily, urgently	adv. form of nodico
nodico				adj.	necessary				node + -ico
nordico				adj.	northern, northerly		nordo + -ico
nordo				n. m.	north					PG. *nurþrą
nordvardo			adj.	northward, northwards	nordo + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
nosa				n. f.	nose					PG. *nusō
nu					int.	no						ne + uno					nonstandard, chiefly northern
o					con.	or						Lat. aut
obi					pr.		where					Lat. ubī
obice				adv.	everywhere				Lat. ubīque
ocmutico			adj.	arrogant, smug			ocmuto + -ico
ocmuto				n. m.	arrogance, conceit		oco + muto
oco					adj.	high					PG. *hauhaz
ode					n. m.	testicle				PG. *huþô
ofo					n. m.	court, yard				PG. *hufą
oge					n. m.	eye						PG. *augô
ogo					n. m.	hill					PG. *haugaz
oldo				adj.	friendly, gracious		PG. *hulþaz
olmo				n. m.	elm						PG. *elmaz, Lat. ulmus
omo					n. m.	maternal uncle			PG. *awahaimaz
one					det.	all, everyone			Lat. omnis
opa					n. f.	hope					PG. *hupō
opere				v.		to hope					PG. *hupōną
ordo				n. m.	place, point			PG. *uzdaz
ore					n. m.	ear						PG. *auzô
orere				v.		to hear					PG. *hauzijaną
orno				n. m.	horn					PG. *hurną
ostico				adj.	eastern, easterly		osto + -ico
osto				n. m.	east					PG. *austrą
ostvardo			adj.	eastward, eastwards		osto + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
otro				n. m.	otter					PG. *utraz
oveto				n. m.	fruit (culinary)		PG. *ubatją					see also fruta
ovito				n. m.	head					PG. *haubudą				from variant *haubidą
papa				n. m.	pope					Lat. pāpa
per					pr.		through, during			Lat. per
pera				n. f.	pear					Lat. pira
perabere			v.		to intend				per- + abere
perbrenere			v.		to burn (transitive)	per- + brenere
perce				pr.		why						per- + ce
percontravorticita	n. f.	responsibility			percontravortico + -ita
percontravortico	adj.	responsible				per- + contravorto +ico
perdragilere		v.		to enslave, to addict	per- + dragilo + -ere
perdragileto		n. m.	addict					ptcp. of perdragilere
peredo				n. m.	horse					L. Lat. paraverēdus
peretare			v.		to eat savagely			PG. *fraetaną				p. perat-
peretrere			v.		to poison				per- + -etro + -ere
perforscario		n. m.	explorer				perforscere + -ario			also perforscaria (f)
perforscere			v.		to explore, to study	per- + forscere
perfugere			v.		to conjugate			per- + fugere
perfugitio			n. f.	conjugation				perfugere + -tio
pergeldare			v.		to pay back, retaliate	PG. *frageldaną				p. pergald-
pergetare			v.		to forget				PG. *fragetaną				p. pergat-
pergevare			v.		to forgive, to pardon	PG. *fragebaną				p. pergav-
periradere			v.		to marry (a couple)		per- + iradere				refl. "to get married"
perlisare			v.		to lose					PG. *fraleusaną				p. perlos-
perlivere			v.		(refl.) to fall in love	per- + livere
perliveto			adj.	in love					ptcp. of perlivere
pernilere			v.		to destroy				per- + nilo + -ere
perplitere			v.		to oblige				per- + plite + -ere
persicurere			v.		to assure, to insure	per- + sicuro + -ere
persoprere			v.		to conquer				per- + soper + -ere
perstare			v.		to understand			PG. *frastāną				p. perstu-
perstelere			v.		put forth, introduce	per- + stelere				refl. to imagine
persteleto			adj.	imaginary, hypothetical	ptcp. of perstelere
persteliticrafto	n. m.	imagination				perstelitio + crafto
perstelitio			n. f.	idea, representation	perstelere + -itio
persucere			v.		try, attempt, tempt		per- + sucere
persuco				n. m.	attempt					from persucere
pertrevere			n. m.	trust					nominalised from pertrevere
pertrevere			v.		to trust				per- +treva + -ere
perverare			v.		to confuse				per + verare
perveratio			n. f.	confusion				perverare + -atio
pesco				n. m.	bishop					Lat. episcopus
pilo				n. m.	arrow					Lat. pīlum
plite				n. f.	duty, obligation		PG. *plihtiz
por					pr.		for, before				VL. *por
porpora				adj.	purple					Lat. purpura				does not decline
precare				v.		to pray					Lat. precor
raca				n. f.	revenge, vengeance		PG. *wrēkō
radare				v.		to advise				PG. *rēdaną					p. rid-
ramse				n. m.	onion, ramson			PG. *hramusô
rando				n. m.	edge, rim, border		PG. *randaz
rato				n. m.	advice, council			PG. *rēdaz
ravo				n. m.	raven					PG. *hrabnaz
redere				v.		to save, to rescue		PG. *hradjaną
regano				n. m.	rain					PG. *regnaz
reganere			v.		to rain					PG. *reganōną
regno				n. m.	rain					PG. *regnaz					alt. form of regano
regre				n. m.	heron					PG. *hraigrô
resere				v.		to journey, to set out	PG. *raisōną
reto				adj.	right, just				PG. *rehtaz
reto				n. m.	right, justice, law		PG. *rehtuz					u-stem
retvisico			adj.	righteous, just			reto + visa + -ico
retrocere			n. m.	return, comeback		from retrocerere
retrocerere			v.		to return				retro- + cerere
reverendo			n. m.	Reverend				Lat. Reverendus
ribo				n. m.	rib						PG. *ribją
ricare				v.		to smell				PG. *reukaną				to sense and emit
ricio				n. m.	empire, realm			PG. *rīkiją
rime				n. m.	belt, strap				PG. *reumô
rimo				n. m.	oar						Lat. rēmus
rinare				v.		to run, to flow			PG. *rinnaną				p. ran-
risare				v.		to rise					PG. *rīsaną					p. f. tone
riso				n. m.	rice					ult. from An. Gr. ὄρυζᾰ
ritere				v.		to direct, to align		PG. *rihtijaną
ritico				adj.	right, correct			ritere + -ico
riva				n. f.	regret, repentance		PG. *hrewwō
rivare				v.		to grieve, to rue		PG. *hrewwaną				p. ruv-
roce				n. m.	smoke					PG. *raukiz
rocere				v.		to smoke				from roce
rotere				v.		to turn red				PG. *rudjaną
roto				adj.	red						PG. *raudaz
rosa				n. f.	rose					Lat. rosa
rosico				adj.	pink, rosy				rosa + -ico
rosto				n. m.	rust					PG. *rustaz
rudro				n. m.	rudder					PG. *rōþrą
rugia				n. f.	back					PG. *hrugjō
rugigrato			n. m.	backbone, spine			rugia + grato
ruiare				v.		to row					PG. *rōaną
rurere				v.		to move, to stir		PG. *hrōzijaną				transitive
ruva				n. f.	calmness, repose		PG. *rōwō
ruvico				adj. 	quiet, calm				ruva + -ico
sabato				n. m.	Saturday, Sabbath		Lat. sabbatum
saca				n. f.	thing, matter, affair	PG. *sakō
sacerdote			n. m.	priest					Lat. sacerdōs
saftio				adj.	soft, gentle			PG. *samftijaz
sango				n. m.	singing, song			PG. *sangwaz
santo				n. m.	saint					Lat. sānctus				also santa (f)
sapone				n. m.	soap					PG. *saipǭ					through Lat. sāpō
scado				n. m.	shadow, shade			PG. *skadwaz
scala				n. f.	bowl					PG. *skēlō
scama				n. f.	shame					PG. *skamō
scarpo				adj.	sharp					PG. *skarpaz
scato				n. m.	treasure, darling		PG. *skattaz				latter esp. if diminutive
sceiare				v.		to befall, to occur		PG. *skehaną				p. scai-
sceiata				n. f.	story, history			ptcp. of sceiare
scela				n. f.	shell					PG. *skaljō
scencere			v.		to give, to gift		PG. *skankijaną
scencilo			n. m.	shank, thigh			PG. *skankô, *skankilaz
scenco				n. m.	gift, present			from scencere
scerare				v.		to shear, to shave		PG. *skeraną				p. scar-
scermetsaso			n. m.	razor					scerare + metsaso
scermetsasolo		n. m.	razor blade				diminutive of scermetsaso
scina				n. f.	shin					PG. *skinō
scinare				v.		to shine, to seem		PG. *skīnaną				p. f. tone
scirme				n. m.	screen, cover, umbrella	PG. *skirmiz
scirmere			v.		to protect, to shield	PG. *skirmijaną
sciio				adj.	shy, reserved			PG. *skeuhaz
scilto				n. m.	shield					PG. *skelduz				u-stem
scitare				v.		to shoot, to fire		PG. *skeutaną				p. scot-
sco					n. m.	shoe					PG. *skōhaz
scone				adj.	beautiful				PG. *skauniz				declines like e-stem
scoto				n. m.	shot					PG. *skutą					see also scute
scovere				v.		to look, to watch		PG. *skawwōną
scridare			v.		to stride, to step		PG. *skrīþaną				p. f. tone
scrivare			v.		to write				PG. *skrībaną				p. f. tone
scudere				v.		to shake, to shudder	PG. *skudjaną				ergative
scufla				n. f.	shovel					PG. *skuflō
sculare				v.		should, ought to		PG. *skulaną
sculdre				n. m.	shoulder				PG. skuldrô
scute				n. m.	shot, shoot				PG. *skutiz					for less literal meanings
se					n. m.	sea, ocean				PG. *saiwiz
sed					con.	but						Lat. sed
segere				v.		to say					PG. *sagjaną
segnare				v.		to bless				Lat. signō
seiare				v.		to see					PG. *sehwaną				p. sai-
sela				n. f.	soul, life force		PG. *saiwalō
semate				n. f.	navy					se + mate
seneva				n. f.	sinew, tendon, nerve	PG. *senawō					sense "nerve" archaic
sepertrevere		n. m.	self-confidence			se + pertrevere
servare				v.		to save (relig.)		Lat. servō
setere				v.		to set, to put			PG. *satjaną
sesute				n. f.	selfishness				se + sute
sesutico			adj.	selfish					sesute + -ico
siare				v.		to filter, to strain	PG. *sīhwaną				p. f. tone
sico				adj.	ill, sick, unwell		PG. *seukaz
sicuro				adj.	sure, certain, secure	PG. *sikuraz
sida				n. f.	side					PG. *sidǭ
sidicismo			n. m.	traditionalism			sidico + -ismo
sidicista			n. f.	traditionalist			sidico + -ista				can also be masculine
sidicistico			adj.	traditionalist			sidicista + -ico
sidico				adj.	customary, moral		sido + -ico
sido				n. m.	custom, tradition		PG. *siduz					u-stem
sigare				v.		to sink, to fall		PG. *sīganą					p. f. tone
sigie				n. m.	victory, triumph		PG. *segaz
silvro				n. m.	silver					PG. *silubrą
sinare				v.		to contemplate			PG. *sinnaną				p. san-
sincare				v.		to sink					PG. *sinkwaną				p. sanc-
singare				v.		to sing					PG. *singwaną				p. sang-
sino				n. m.	sense					PG. *sinnaz					perception or meaning
slage				n. m.	beat, hit				PG. *slagiz
slange				n. m.	snake					PG. *slangô
slapare				v.		to sleep				PG. *slēpaną				p. slip-
slapo				n. m.	sleep					PG. *slēpaz
slare				v.		to hit, to strike		PG. *slahaną				p. slug-
smacare				v.		to have a taste			cognate with Du. smaken
smertare			v.		to hurt (intransitive)	PG. *smertaną
smerto				n. m.	pain					from smertare
smirilo				n. m.	merlin					PG. *smirilaz
snege				n. m.	snail, slug				PG. *sneggô
snelita				n. f.	speed, velocity			snelo + -ita
snelo				adj.	quick, fast, agile		PG. *snellaz
snevo				n. m.	snow					PG. *snaiwaz
snidare				v.		to cut, to carve		PG. *snīþaną				p. f. tone
snito				n. m.	cut, slice				from snidare
snitolo				n. m.	sandwich				diminutive of snito			in this case, of bread
soblacere			v.		to smile				sob- + lacere
soblatare			v.		to lower				sob- + latare				p. soblit-
soper				prep.	over, above				Lat. super
soperdrunce			n. m.	hangover				soper- + drunce
sopersetere			v.		to translate			soper- + setere
sopersetitio		n. f.	translation				sopersetere + -tio
soperlevere			v.		to survive				soper- + levere
sorga				n. f.	concern, worry, care	PG. *surgō
sorgere				v.		to be concerned, worry	PG. *surgijaną
soso				adv.	up, upwards				Lat. *sursum
sosogevare			v		to give up, surrender	soso- + gevare				p. sosogav-
spade				n. m.	spade					PG. *spadô
spanare				v.		to strain, to stretch	PG. *spannaną
spanatio			n. f.	tension, stress			spanare + -tio
spare				n. m.	sparrow					PG. *sparwô
speco				n. m.	bacon, lard				PG. *spiką
spene				n. m.	nipple					PG. *spenô
spero				n. m.	spear, javelin			PG. *speru					u-stem
spilere				v.		to play					PG. *spilōną
spraca				n. f.	language, speech		PG. *sprēkō
spracvitita			n. f.	linguistics				spraca + vitita
sprava				n. f.	spray, spurt, squirt	from spravere
spravere			v.		to spray, to spurt		PG. *sprēwijaną
sprecare			v.		to speak				PG. *sprekaną				p. sprac-
stade				n. m.	city, town				PG. *stadiz
stalo				n. m.	steel					PG. *stahliją
stalo				n. m.	stall, stable			PG. *stallaz
starco				adj.	strong					PG. *starkuz				declines like u-stem
stare				v.		to stand				PG. *stāną
stecare				v.		to stick, poke, stab	PG. *stikaną
stelere				v.		to set, to place		PG. *stallijaną
stema				n. f.	voice					PG. *stamnijō, stebnō
stemere				v.		to vote, to tune		stema + -ere
steno				n. m.	stone					PG. *stainaz
stera				n. f.	star					PG. *sternǭ
stervare			v.		to die					PG. *sterbaną				p. starv-
stice				n. m.	prick, stitch, stab		PG. *stikiz
stilio				adj.	still, quiet			PG. *stillijaz
stincare			v.		to stink				PG. *stinkwaną				p. stanc-
stirere				v.		to steer, to guide		PG. *stiurijaną
stolto				adj.	proud					PG. *stultaz
stopere				v.		to stuff, to plug		PG. *stuppōną
stopitio			n. f.	stuff, matter			stopere + -tio
storco				n. m.	stork					PG. *sturkaz
strengio			adj.	strict, severe, rigid	PG. *strangijaz
stridare			v.		to fight, to quarrel	PG. *strīdaną
strido				n. m.	fight, conflict			from stridare
stromo				n. m.	small river, stream		PG. *straumaz				also "current"
stulo				n. m.	chair					PG. *stōlaz
stunda				n. f.	hour, point in time		PG. *stundō
sturmavero			n. m.	assault rifle			sturmo + avero
sturmo				n. m.	storm					PG. *sturmaz
sucere				v.		to seek, to look for	PG. *sōkijaną
sudico				adj.	southern, southerly		sudo + -ico
sudo				n. m.	south					PG. *sunþrą
sudvardo			adj.	southward, southwards	sudo + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
sumaro				n. m.	summer					PG. *sumaraz
suna				n. f.	sun						PG. *sunnǭ
sundia				n. f.	sin						PG. *sundī, sundijō
suno				n. m.	son						PG. *sunuz					u-stem
sunvende			n. f.	solstice				suna + vende
suro				adj.	sour, acidic			PG. sūraz
suro				n. m.	acid					PG. sūrą
sute				n. f.	addiction, obsession	PG. *suhtiz
suto				adj.	sweet, fresh (water)	PG. *swōtuz					declines like u-stem
sutolo				adj.	cute					diminutive of suto
svaco				adj.	weak					PG. *swakaz
svano				n. m.	swan					PG. *swanaz
svarmuto			n. m.	depression				svaro + muto
svaro				adj.	heavy, grave, difficult	PG. *swēraz
svarto				adj.	black					PG. *swartaz
sverto				n. m.	sword					PG. *swerdą
svestre				n. f.	sister					PG. *swestēr
svevlo				n. m.	sulphur					PG. *sweblaz
svidie				adv.	very, quite, strongly	PG. *swinþaz
svigere				v.		to stay silent, shut up	PG. *swīgijaną
svindlere			v.		to cheat, to swindle	PG. *swindlōną
talgo				n. m.	tallow, suet			PG. *talgaz
talgganse			n. m.	penguin					from talgo + ganse
tande				n. m.	tooth					PG. *tanþs
tiare				v.		to pull					PG. *teuhaną				p. tog-
tigere				v.		to beget, to procreate	OHG ziugen
tisdago				n. m.	Tuesday					PG. *Tīwas dagaz
tite				n. f.	time, tense				PG. *tīdiz
torno				n. m.	wrath, anger			PG. *turnaz
tovo				n. m.	nerve, line				PG. *tawwą
tovrario			n. m.	sorcerer				tovro + -ario				also tovraria (f)
tovro				n. m.	magic, sorcery			PG. *taubrą
trano				n. m.	tear (in the eyes)		PG. *trahnuz				u-stem
trefare				v.		to hit, to encounter	OHG. treffan				p. traf-
tretare				v.		to tread, to step		PWG. *tredaną				p. trad-
treto				n. m.	step, pace				from tretare
trento				n. m.	trend, inclination		PG. *trendaz				also "fashion"
treva				n. f.	faithfulness, loyalty	PG. *trewwō					part. through VL trewa
tunga				n. f.	tongue					PG. *tungǭ
tuno				n. m.	fence, enclosure		PG. *tūną
tvinolo				n. m.	twin(ling), double		PG. *twinaz
tvinolvorto			n. m.	doublet (linguistics)	tvinolo + vorto
ude					n. f.	skin, hide				PG. *hūdiz
ufo					n. m.	hoof					PG. *hōfaz
ula					n. f.	owl						PG. *uwwalǭ
ulere				v.		to cover, to wrap		PG. *huljaną
unare				v.		to grant, to allow		PG. *unnaną
unclango			n. m.	harmony, concord		uno + clango
undo				n. m.	dog, hound				PG. *hundaz
unfaldico			adj.	simple					uno + faldico
unste				n. f.	favour					PG. *undiz
upe					n. m.	hip						PG. *hupiz
uso					n. m.	house					PG. *hūsaz
uvaro				n. m.	shore, bank				PG. *ōferaz
uvilo				adj.	evil					PG. *ubilaz
uvilo				n. m.	evil					from uvilo
vade				n. m.	calf (anatomy)			PG. *waþwô
vagano				n. m.	car, vehicle, wagon		PG. *wagnaz
vagno				n. m.	car, vehicle, wagon		PG. *wagnaz					alt. to vagano
vaiare				v.		to blow (wind)			PG. *wēaną
valdare				v.		to rule					PG. *waldaną
valdo				n. m.	authority, power, force	PG. *waldaz
valdo				n. m.	forest					PG. *walþuz					u-stem
vale				n. m.	wellbeing, weal			PG. *walô					used in toast "A vale!"
valo				n. m.	whale					PG. *hwalaz
vandrere			v.		to wander, to hike		PG. *wandrōną
vandrestera			n. f.	planet					vandrere + stera
vane				n. f.	false hope, delusion	PG. *wēniz
vanere				v.		to falsely believe		PG. *wēnijaną
vange				n. m.	cheek					PG. *wangô
vardere				v.		to guard, to watch over	PG. *wardāną
varo				adj.	true					PG. *wēraz
varmo				adj.	warm					PG. *warmaz
vasere				v.		to increase, to wax		PG. *wahsijaną
vata				n. f.	guard, watch, vigil		PG. *wahtwō
vatere				v.		to keep watch			PG. *wahtwijaną
vatro				n. m.	water					PG. *watōr					became o-stem
ve					n. m.	woe, grief				PG. *waiwô, *wai			also annoyance if interjection
vegaredario			n. m.	pioneer					vego + aredo + -ario		also -aria (f)
vego				n. m.	way, path				PG. *wegaz
vende				n. f.	turn, change			PG. *wandīniz
venere				v.		to cry, to weep			PG. *wainōną
vera				n. f.	disarray, confusion		PG. *werrō
verare				v.		to cause disarray		PG. *werraną
verco				n. m.	work, piece, task		PG. *werką
verdare				v.		to become, will			PG. *werþaną				aux. fut; cond. in pf. conj. p. vard-
vere				n. f.	defence, resistance		PG. *warīniz
verere				v.		to ward off				PG. *warjaną
verolte				n. f	world					PG. *weraldiz
verpare				v.		to throw				PG. *werpaną				p. varp-
vestico				adj.	western, westerly		vesto + -ico
vesto				n. m.	west					PG. *westrą
vestvardo			adj.	westward, westwards		vesto + -vardo				rare outside adv. form
vica				n. f.	week					PG. *wikǭ
vigare				v.		to make war, to battle	PG. *wīganą					mostly poetic, p. f. tone
vigo				n. m.	war, battle				PG. *wīgą					archaic
vilantavero			n. m.	revolver				vilo + anto + avero			rare, usually antavero
vilcume				adj.	welcome					PG. *wiljakumô				interjection, does not decline
vile				n. m.	want, will, desire		PG. *wiljô
vilere				v.		to want					PG. *wiljaną
vilgia				n. f.	willow					PG. *wiligjǭ
vilo				n. m.	wheel					PG. *hwehwlą
vilo				n. m.	machine					PG. *wīlą					standard
vino				n. m.	wine					PG. *wīną
vinto				n. m.	wind					PG. *windaz
vintro				n. m.	winter					PG. *wintruz				u-stem
vircere				v.		to work,  function		PG. *wirkijaną
visita				n. f.	wisdom					viso + -ita
visa				n. f.	manner, way, mode		PG. *wīsō
viso				adj.	wise					PG. *wīsaz
visula				n. f.	weasel					PG. wisulǭ
vitare				n. m.	knowledge				from verb vitare
vitare				v.		to know					PG. *witaną
vitita				n. f.	science					vitare + -ita
vititario			n. m.	scientist				vitita + -ario
vito				adj.	white					PG. *hwītaz
vodansdago			n. m.	Wednesday				PG. *Wōdanas dagaz
volca				n. f.	cloud					PG. *wulkō
vortbuce			n. m.	dictionary				vorto + buce
vorto				n. m.	word					PG. *wurdą
vortscato			n. m.	vocabulary, lexicon		vorto + scato
vula				n. f.	wool					PG. *wullō
vulfo				n. m.	wolf					PG. *wulfaz
vulino				adj.	woollen					PG. *wullīnaz
vunda				n. f.	wound					PG. *wundō
vundo				adj.	wounded, injured, sore	PG. *wundaz
vundro				n. m.	wonder, miracle			PG. *wundrą
vurce				n. f.	power, energy			PG. *wurkijaną
vurme				n. m.	worm					PG. *wurmiz
vurste				n. m.	sausage					PG. *wurstiz
vurstolo			n. m.	hot dog					diminutive of vurste
vutere				v.		to rage					vuto + -ere
vuto				adj.	agitated, furious, mad	PG. *wōdaz
vuto				n. m.	anger, fury				PG. *wōdaz
contra-						against												see contra
des-						dis- 					Lat. dis					as in apart, removal
en-							in-													see en
in-							un-						Lat. īn
per-						for-												see per
por-						fore-												see por
sob-						under, below			Lat. sub
soper-						over, above											see soper
soso-						up-													see soso
-ario						-er						PG. *-ārijaz, Lat. -ārius	also -aria (f)
-faldico					-fold					PG. *-falþaz
-ico						-ish, -ly				Lat. -icus, part. PG. *-igaz
-ismo						-ism					Lat. -ismus
-ista						-ist					Lat. -ista
-ita						-ity					Lat. -itās
-tio						-tion					Lat. -tiō					-atio 1st conj; -itio 2nd