2016-02-23 Core: 8 natural mysteries

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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p. 93 - In groups of three, do parts 2 and 3. (Decide what the bolded words refer to in part 2, and then talk about identifying fakes of the things in part 3.)
1 the individual flamingos
2 the photo itself or the shape of the flamingos
3 coincidences like this picture
4 the photograph
5 the photographer (Robert B. Haas)
6 the flamingos

counterfeit money = fake money (that is presented as real money)
fraud = the crime of trying to make money by lying (for example by selling something fake)

real/genuine = something or someone that is what they say it is
fake = something or someone that is not what they say it is

(“true” and “false” are for statements, “real” and “fake” are for things)
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p. 94 - What are the things in the pictures?
part 2 - Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box.
1 Nitrogen, oxygen, atmosphere
2 butterflies, flies, insects
3 Radiation
4 Ants, beetles
5 stem
6 Particles
7 Predators, species
8 spikes
Then guess which picture is related to each word.

Spikes can be on leaves and grass.
Thorns are on stems and branches (rose thorns).
Pine trees have pine needles.
Cactuses have spines.
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Listen and check your guesses.
1 atmosphere, nitrogen, oxygen, radiation, particles
2 butterflies, predators, ants, species
3 insects, beetles, flies, ants, spikes
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part 4 - Listen again and decide if these statements are true or false.
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BREAK
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p. 95 part 6
1 The colors are so vivid that you think they can’t be natural.
2 You imagine that they must be man-made.
3 This might be a painting or a work of art.
4 It may not seem logical, but there are indeed plants that catch insects.

The speaker is certain something is true: “They must be man-made.”
The speaker is certain something is false: “They can’t be natural.”
The speaker thinks it’s possible something is true: “This might be a painting.”
The speaker thinks it’s possible something is false: “It may not seem logical.”
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Remember modals from the last chapter:
You must do your homework. = This is the only option.
You could come tomorrow. = This is one of many options.
You must not arrive late. = This is not an option.

Modals for speculation and deduction (guesses and conclusions) are similar:
They must be man-made. = This is the only believable explanation.
This could/may/might be a work of art. = This is one of many believable explanations.
This may/might not be an egg. = It’s possible that it’s not an egg.
They must not be common. = This is not a believable explanation.

They can’t/couldn’t be natural. = This is not a possible explanation. = I think it’s impossible.
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I knocked on the door several times and they didn’t answer. I can’t think of why they wouldn’t answer, so they must not be at home. (I would be surprised if you told me they were home.)

They only left school 5 minutes ago and it takes half an hour to get home. They can’t be at home. (It’s not just surprising, but unbelievable if you tell me they’re at home.)
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part 8 - circle all the options that make sense in the paragraph (sometimes both of them)
1 must be
2 might recognize / could recognize
3 could use / may use
4 could mean
5 can’t be
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Uses of “look”.

look like + noun
You look like your mother. = You look similar to your mother. (You have a similar appearance.)
(You sound like your mother. It smells like flowers. This meat tastes like chicken. etc.)

look + adjective
This place looks bigger than I remember it. You look sad.
(You sound sick. It smells delicious. It feels wet.)

look as though + sentence (or “look as if”)
The sky looks as though it’s on fire. You look as though you are sad.
(It sounds as though he’s underwater. It seems as though you don’t like him.)
Informally, we can say “look like” + sentence: The sky looks like it’s on fire.

look + adverb (In this case “look” is an action that you do with your eyes, it’s not about your appearance.)
Look carefully at the picture. She looked sadly at the snow.
(Listen carefully to the teacher. [not “sound”] Smell the chemicals carefully because they might burn your nose.)
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part 10 - complete the sentences with expressions with “look”
1 look
2 looks like
3 looks like / looks as though
4 look
5 look like / look as though
6 look
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p. 96 part 1 - Complete the sentences with words from the box. Then ask your partner the questions.
1 ancient / sacred
2 period
3 prehistoric (= before history, older than “ancient”)
4 century
5 sacred
6 society

believe (verb) / belief (noun)

historical events: specific wars, births, deaths, etc. Things that happened.
historical periods: a length of time “the renaissance” or “the Enlightenment” or “the Industrial Revolution”
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Homework: p. 166 practice 1 (use “must (not)”, “may (not)”, “could (not)”, etc.)
7 should be: “The aurora borealis is unpredictable so we _______ (see) any lights tonight.”