2017-09-15 TOEFL: speaking 3, animal behavior

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-many-ways-are-there-to-prove-the-pythagorean-theorem-betty-fei
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BC = before Christ
BCE = before the Common Era
AD = anno domini = “year of the Lord”
CE = Common Era
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DELTA p. 460 - Take 50 seconds to read the text about homeostasis. Then listen to a lecture about it.
Take 5 minutes to prepare a “perfect” response to this prompt with your partner.
Your response should have these parts:
1 Introduction: “Homeostasis is how an animal keeps its internal environment stable in order to avoid harmful changes.”
2 Lead-in: “The professor talks about how a rabbit’s ears help it maintain a stable body temperature.”
3 First point: “If a rabbit gets too warm, more blood goes to its ears.”
4 Detail/example: “This allows the blood to lose more heat to the environment and cool down the rabbit’s body temperature.”
5 Second point: “If the rabbit gets too cold, the blood vessels in its ears get smaller and less blood goes to them.”
6 Detail/example: “This means that the rabbit loses less heat to the environment and can stay warm by keeping its blood in the central part of its body.”
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“Homeostasis is how an animal keeps its internal environment stable in order to avoid harmful changes. The professor talks about how a rabbit’s ears help it maintain a stable body temperature. If a rabbit gets too warm, more blood goes to its ears. This allows the blood to lose more heat to the environment and cool down the rabbit’s body temperature. If the rabbit gets too cold, the blood vessels in its ears get smaller and less blood goes to them. This means that the rabbit loses less heat to the environment and can stay warm by keeping its blood in the central part of its body.”
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DELTA p. 331 describes the score levels for integrated speaking.
2 - “A response at this level conveys some relevant information but omits key ideas.”
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Record your responses to ETS past test 3, 4, and 5. Then listen to your responses and decide which one we can hear as a class (after the break).
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BREAK
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Listen to your classmates’ responses. Do they include all the parts a question 4 response should include? Were they easy to understand?
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Vocabulary: Animal Behavior
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Handout (Collins) p. 32 - In your own words, explain what each of the bold vocabulary words mean.
migration: movement from one place to another
population: a group of one species living in a particular area (or the number of individuals in this group)
decline: decrease
habitat: place where an animal or plant lives
climate: average or typical weather conditions throughout the year
trigger: cause suddenly
pattern: repeated or regular way in which something is done
endangered: in danger of going extinct
extinct: not existing any more
species: type of animal, plant , or other organism
colony: a group of one species of animal that lives together
function: purpose, role
mechanism: technique, method
predatory: eating other animals
herbivore: animal that eats only (or primarily) plants
average: typical amount (usually median or arithmetic mean)
theory: a well-tested set of ideas to explain something (before it’s supported by a lot of evidence, it’s a hypothesis)
trait: feature, characteristic
research: study
contribute to: help, support
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p. 33 part A - Use words from the list to replace the words in italics.
1 a populations
  b triggered
2 a species
  b migration
3 a trait
  b defense mechanism
  c predators
4 a colonies
  b function
5 a endangered
  b extinct
6 a theory
  b habitat
7 a an average
  b herbivores
8 a mechanisms
  b contribute
part B - Complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the words.
1 patterns
2 migrate
3 endanger
4 climate
5 research
6 average
7 climate
8 contribute
9 decline
10 extinction
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Homework: handout p. 34 - Answer the questions about the passage.
	If you want some corrections and more information about why you receieved that score on your writing, send me a self-evaluation explaining why you think you got that score. Descriptions of score levels for integrated writing are on p. 386 in your book.