<?php
function getPost(){
  $return = Array(); // Create a return array to be manipulated in the for loop
  $args = func_get_args(); // Get all the passed arguments to the function, place in an array $args
  $cn = count($args); // Count the number of args, or you could use func_num_args();
  for($i=0;$i<$cn;++$i){
    $return[$args[$i]] = (isset($_POST[$args[$i]])? $_POST[$args[$i]] : ''); // check to see if there is a POST variable with the name, if there is, set it to the variable value, otherwise set to empty string
  }
  return (count($return) === 1)? $return[$args[0]] : $return; // If there is only the one variable passed, then simply return the value of the one, otherwise return an array.
}
list($mr_ms, $name, $surname, $telephone, $mobile, $other_phone, $address_1, $address_2, $locality, $postcode, $island, $status, $introduced_by, $notes) = getPost('mr_ms', 'name', 'surname', 'telephone', 'mobile', 'other_phone', 'address_1', 'address_2', 'locality', 'postcode', 'island', 'status', 'introduced_by', 'notes');

/**  Or Use

$mr_ms = getPost('mr_ms');
$name = getPost('name');
$surname = getPost('surname');
... etc ...

**/
if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST'){
  echo '<pre>';
  print_r($_POST);
  exit;
}


?>
<html>
  <head>
    <script language="javascript">
      function add(type,name) { /** Changed **/
        //Create an input type dynamically.
        var element = document.createElement("input");

        //Assign different attributes to the element.
        element.setAttribute("type", type);
        element.setAttribute("value", ''); /**  Changed **/
        element.setAttribute("name", name); /** Changed **/


        var foo = document.getElementById("fooBar");

        //Append the element in page (in span).
        foo.appendChild(element);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
<body>

<?php
/**  form action changed for testing reset to whatever  **/
/**  Opening and closing PHP will cause more load on your server, as each time you close and open PHP, the server has to start and stop the PHP parser.  **/
echo <<<FORM
  <form name="form" action="" method="post">
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td>
          Mr/Ms:
          <select name="mr_ms">
            <option value="Mr">Mr</option>
            <option value="Ms">Ms</option>
          </select>
        </td>
        <td>
          Name:<br />
          <input name="name" type="text" value="$name" />
        </td>
        <td>
          Surname:<br />
          <input type="text" name="surname" id="surname" value="$surname" />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>
          Address 1:<br />
          <input type="text" name="address_1" id="address_1" value="$address_1" />
        </td>
        <td>
          Address 2:<br />
          <input type="text" name="address_2" id="address_2" value="$address_2" />
        </td>
        <td>
          Locality:<br />
          <input type="text" name="locality" id="locality" value="$locality" />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>
          Postcode:<br />
          <input type="text" name="postcode" id="postcode" value="$postcode" />
        </td>
        <td>
          Land:
          <select name="land">
            <option value="US" selected="selected">US</option>
            <option value="UK">UK</option>
          </select>
        </td>
        <td>
          Status:
          <select name="status">
            <option value="Owner">Owner</option>
            <option value="Broker">Broker</option>
            <option value="Estate Agent">Estate Agent</option>
            <option value="Other">Other</option>
          </select>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td valign="top">
          Introduced by:<br />
          <input type="text" name="introduced_by" id="introduced_by" value="$introduced_by" />
        </td>
        <td colspan="2" rowspan="2">
          Notes:<br />
          <textarea cols="45" rows="5" name="notes" id="notes">$notes</textarea>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td valign="top" align="right">
          <input type="submit" name="insert" id="insert" value="Add" />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <input type="hidden" name="element" />
          <!-- Changed -->
          <input type="button" value="Add Phones" onclick="add('text','additionalPhones[]');" />
          <!-- Changed -->
          <br />
          <span id="fooBar"></span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
  </form>
FORM;

?>
</body>
</html>