<?php
	$query = new WP_Query( array(
	    'post_type'      => 'product',
	    'post_status'    => 'publish',
	    'posts_per_page' => -1,
	    'tax_query'      => array( array(
	        'taxonomy'   => 'product_cat',
	        'field'      => 'term_id',
	        'terms'      => array( get_queried_object()->term_id ),
	    ) )
	) );

	$terms_list = array();

	while ( $query->have_posts() ) : $query->the_post();
	   $prd = get_product(get_the_ID());
	   $attrs = $prd->get_attributes();
		foreach ( $attrs as $attribute ):
			$attribute_names = $attribute;
	   		foreach ( $attribute_names["data"]["options"] as $param ) {
				array_push($terms_list, $param);
			}
// 			print_r($attribute_names);
// 	    echo "<pre>"; print_r($attribute_names["data"]["options"]); echo "</pre>";
		endforeach;
// 	    echo "<pre>"; print_r($attrs); echo "</pre>";
// 	    echo "<pre>"; print_r($prd); echo "</pre>";
	endwhile;

	$uniq_terms = array_unique($terms_list);
// 	   print_r($uniq_terms);

	wp_reset_postdata();
?>

// добавить include => $uniq_terms
<?php $term_query = get_terms(array('taxonomy' =>'pa_color', 'hide_empty' => true, 'include' => $uniq_terms)); foreach ( $term_query as $term ) { ?>