2016-03-08 Core: 10 extreme sports, bionics

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Extreme Sports:
snowboarding
surfing
bungee jumping
downhill skiing
skydiving - http://www.jumptown.com/ (near Boston)
ski jumping
BMX biking
diving (scuba diving or free diving)
rock climbing
mountain climbing
BASE jumping (BASE = Building, Antenna, Span (bridge), Earth (cliffs and canyons))
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWfph3iNC-k
parkour / free-running
car racing
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Why do people do extreme sports?
to feel adrenaline
to challenge themselves or nature
to have a new experience
to have fun
to do something that isn’t boring like conventional sports
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p. 117 - ultramarathons are running races longer than a marathon
a marathon is 42.195 km
Marathon des Sables = 250km during six days in the desert
part 3 - answer the questions in pairs (especially question 3)

What are some other ways people try to change or overcome their body’s limits?
cosmetic surgery
anti-aging medicines
botox
tattoos (and tattoo removal)
piercings
reconstructive surgery (after an injury)
laser eye surgery
cochlear implant

Why do they do these things?
because they’re scared of aging and death
for cultural reasons (to be beautiful in that culture)
to feel good about yourself
to express themselves or remember things (especially with tattoos and piercings)
to get a job
for health (such as with an injury or birth defect)
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p. 118 - bionics
biology + electronic = bionic
prosthetic arm = basic artificial arm with limited function
bionic arm = artificial arm with movement and feedback (and a computer)

part 1 - listen to the description of a documentary, and mark the topics it is about
bionic devices, face transplants, growing new organs
part 2 - listen again and match the parts of the sentences
1 The Bionic Woman was a TV series in which the character was part machine and part human.
2 The documentary is about a woman whose arm was amputated.
3 Doctors have developed a process which grows new organs.
4 Amanda Kitts is learning to do things that we take for granted.
5 Bionics can help people who have lost limbs.
6 There’ll be a time when blind people will use bionic devices to see.

take for granted = treat like it’s a normal and expected thing
limbs = arms or legs
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Defining relative (adjective) clauses:

clause: a group of words with a subject and verb
adjective: a word that gives information about a noun
adjective clause: a clause that gives information about a noun
= relative clause (“which”, “whose”, “that”, “who”, and “when” are relative pronouns, because their meaning only makes sense relative to the noun in the sentence)

defining = the clause tells us which thing(s) we’re talking about.
Bionics can help people who have lost limbs. - not all people, just the specific people who have lost limbs
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p. 119 part 7 - complete the phrases with the correct relative pronouns (sometimes more than one answer is correct) (who / which / that / whose / where / when)
1 who / that
2 who / that
3 which / that
4 when
5 where
6 whose

who = I, you, we, they (for people), he, she
(whom = me, you, us, them (for people), him, her)
which = they/them (for things), it
that = I, you, we, they, he, she, it / me, you, us, them, him, her
whose = my, your, our, their, his, her, its
when = then
where = here, there
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BREAK
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Maria is a good friend. Her husband has a bionic leg.
-> Maria is a good friend whose husband has a bionic leg.
(or -> Maria, whose husband has a bionic leg, is a good friend. - NON-defining relative clause)

This is the restaurant. We ate here last night. = This is the restaurant. We ate in it last night.
-> This is the restaurant where we ate last night. = This is the restaurant in which we ate last night.
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Sometimes we can remove “that”:
Amanda Kitts is learning to do things (that) we take for granted.

Other times we can’t:
Doctors have developed a process that grows new organs.

We can remove “that” from defining relative clauses when “that” is not the subject of the clause.
(We can also remove “who(m)” and “which” in this case, if there isn’t a preposition first.)
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p. 119 part 8 - cross out any relative pronouns that can be removed, and add relative pronouns if they’re missing and necessary
1 Amanda Kitts has a bionic arm that/which receives signals from her brain.
2 A hospital is a place where patients are treated. (no change)
3 I don’t like the medicine that I have to take.
4 People who/that have burn injuries can benefit from face transplants.
5 Organ regeneration can help patients whose kidneys are diseased.
6 The doctor who we saw in the film is a pioneer in bionics.
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part 9 - Choose the correct option to complete the sentences (and make sure you know what the incorrect word means as well).
1 injured (wounded usually refers to injuries from violence and also often means injuries through the skin)
2 heal (people treat things, injuries heal)
3 appointment (a date is supposed to be romantic, an appointment is related to someone’s job)
4 cure (A cure completely fixes the problem. Treatment may only help a little.)
5 hurt (“hurt” is usually a verb, “pain” is usually a noun)
6 treatment (side effects are any effects a treatment has in addition to the intended effect)
7 monitoring (monitoring = watching, controlling = changing the situation to be what you want)
8 painful (painful is usually physical, hurtful is usually emotional)
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part 10 - In groups of three, find and write definitions for six of the words using relative clauses.
surgeon = a specialist doctor who fixes problems in your body
injection = something which doctors put inside your body with a needle
botox = an injection that makes you look younger (by killing the nerves and preventing facial expressions that cause wrinkles)
operating room = the room where the surgeon works
blood test = a process that analyzes your blood
accident = an unexpected situation where (or “in which”) you get injured
emergency = something that is dangerous to people and that happens suddenly
scan = an action that uses a machine to see and record your body
ambulance = a vehicle to transport someone sick or injured to the hospital (if I’m explaining the purpose of something, I can use infinitive (to + verb) instead of a relative clause)
stitches = pieces of “thread” that can be used to sew the skin shut so it can heal
donor = a person that gives blood or organs to someone who needs them
crutches = personal support to help people with problems in their legs or feet to walk everywhere
surgery (the action) = an operation in which you open a person’s body to fix something wrong
technician = a person who is trained in a specific area like working with machines or tests or laboratory procedures
ward = a part of the hospital where patients can rest or sleep, especially if they are in a similar situation (e.g. the maternity ward is where expectant and new mothers are)
x-ray = a machine to scan the bones
paramedic = the person who goes with an ambulance to give first aid and help people before they get to a hospital
first aid = the first things that you do for a sick or injured person (possibly while waiting for paramedics)
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Homework: read the article about Mars on p. 120 and do parts 1, 2, 3 below it