I'm just compiling the dumps and planet screenshots that /vg/ has been posting. I haven't been to these planets and only know as much as people post about.  I know the format is bad, but I've been compiling this since the first starbound thread. Hopefully someone who visits all of them or the original co-ordinate posters can fill in the holes.

Sectors have not been organized, but planets within a sector start with the sector name.  Please read to figure out which sector various planets are in.
There may be sub-planets listed, please look for roman numerals or letters after the main planet to tell.  If that fails, try to match up biome and threat level.

-= Alpha Sector =-

X -44731137
Y 33351497
Alpha Orionis 34 V
Should be a big snow planet with 2 forests and a snow planet orbiting it

X -17
Y -19
Alpha Syrinx Minoris III

X -2548424
Y -79268017
Alpha GG Lup 571 III

X -83190677
Y 12336719
Alpha Eps Lyr 978 IV

X 65776994
Y -97449476
Alpha HR 4067 UMa 4744 III
Biome: Desert
TL: 1

X -49168457
Y -10977727
Alpha Tiko 58 V
Biome: Arid
TL: 5

X 96929202
Y -41030170
Alpha Vadrock Majoris I
Biome: Arid
TL: 3
Glitch Crown

X -26865500
Y -26929003
Alpha Bram Majoris V
Biome Desert
TL: 9
Avian Merchant Ship

X -95225182
Y 76739561
Alpha Eps Ser 93 III
Florian Settlement

X -26865480
Y -26929003
Alpha Omega CMa 672 IX
Biome: Forest
TL: 3
Glitch Settlement

X 724
Y 626
Alpha Mu Vel 4751 II
Biome: Arid
TL: 9
Glitch Village to left of spawn

Alpha HR 306 Cep 680 II
Biome: Forest
Threat Level: 1
Notable Features: Mushrooms, chests containing mushroom blueprints. Apex buildings.
Notable Ore: Surface iron and silver. Underground unexplored.
Cords: X 17480841, Y 42227906

X -18703225
Y -19322517
Alpha Copernicus Majoris IV
Biome: Forest
TL: 5
Avian Merchant Ship

X 18698049
Y 13934959
Alpha Maia 73 IV
Biome: Arid
TL: 9
Underground Prison, armed guards.

X -74077478
Y 5707050
Alpha Alcyone 270 II
TL: 3
Glitch Settlement to left of spawn.

X -49168457
Y -10977727
Alpha Tiko 58V
Biome: Snow
TL: 4
Apex Complex.  Includes zombies and armed guards.


-= Beta Sector =-

X 112268
Y -2931789
Beta Altais 563 I
Biome: Desert
TL: 11

X: -77835203
Y:54727385
Beta Venator B
Beta Venator B c
Morph Ball Tech

X -95489706
Y -62899874
Beta Theta Vir 23 II
Biome Jungle
TL: 17
Gravity Neutralize Tech, in water to the left

X -98020891
Y -25605286
Beta Alpha Sci 644 I
Biome: Arid
TL: 20
Apex Tech Lab to the left

X -95489706
Y -62899874
Beta Theta Vir 23 III
Biome: Forest
TL: 11
Music items

X -95489706
Y -62899874
Beta Theta Vir 23 VI
Glitch Village to the West

X -71188858
Y 64169612
Beta Kyren 53 IV
Biome: Desert
TL: 14
Glitch Village

X 59877333
Y -70634374
Beta 67 Oph 74 I
Biome: Snow
TL: 12
Apex Base

X: 79460166
Y: 33017892
Beta Omnicron Tau 4201 I
Jungle:
Big Apex complex just left of the spawn with two chests.
Moon:
A short distance to the left leads to an Avian pirate ship. Look for the anchor.
Forest:
Lots of chests, plus many Apex facilities. One tech chest to the left.
Desert:
Human Prison for the majority of the surface.

X 52974482
Y -31626420
Beta Rigil Kentaurus 5920 II
Biome: Jungle
TL: 17
Contains Ancient Avian Weapon in Sewer beneath house on the right.  Only 2 uses, so use it wisely.

X 57723262
Y -8474898
Beta Beta mus 9290 4 C
Biome: Forest
TL: 15
Crown and Wizardry spell in castle to the left.


-= Gamma Sector =-

X -39038612
Y 99697159
Gamma Zaniah 837 III
Forest
Threat Level 26

-----------
x: -53528731
y: 69505199
Gamma Zaniah 837 VI b
Moon
Threat Level 24

Gamma Zaniah 837 VI a
Forest
Level 24

Gamma Horsebutt Minor I b
Moon
Threat Level 25
----------

X -98844046
Y 96036927
Gamma Kullat Nunu 36 II

X 92975670
Y -42041620
Gamma Vixxarius 12 II a
Biome: Magma
TL: 35

X -83190650
Y 13226861
Gamma Sheliak 5352 II
Biome: Desert
TL: 27

X -39038612
Y 99697159
Gamma Zanian 837 VI
Biome: Moon
TL: 24

X 92975588
Y -42041626
Gamma Zeta Ara Minoris
Biome: Forest
TL: 40

X -95489615
Y -62899904
Gamma Thormiun Majoris V
Avian Tower Temple.  Underground Frog Temple and Rabbit Burial Site under Tower to the SE.
Frog Temple has vendors

Instructions:
From your spawn point, head left to the Avian Tower Temple. From the throne dig straight down and every so often go slightly SOUTH, EASTERN direction (SE) until you come across an ancient Rabbit Burial Site. From there continue going East and then go South again.
Eventually you should come across a HUGE Underground Frog Temple.

X 81445631
Y -9019804
Gamma Alpha Ant Majoris
Biome: Desert
TL: 23
Titanium deposits on surface.


-= Unlisted Sector/Not much use =-

X,-61954292
Y,23458740
I'm on "II a" at the moment. Walking left there's a huge monkey lab with a Dash ability in the basement and going around the planet there's a boss in a Mushroom biome with lots of mushroom tree's.

X - 34254980
Y - 63961702
It's a Risk Level 5 Snow planet. I've just landed so I've not found anything apart from a chest to the right which had a lead guitar inside it

X 70921081
Y -66335850

X -98329486
Y 51118091

X -69022460
Y -77032454

X:70921081
Y:-66335850
Massive glitch settlement, Threat Level 2 pretty good second planet for new players.

X 2419289
Y 27632222

X 59877410
Y -70634402
To the LEFT of the spawn point you will encounter an anchor, build a stairway/platform/something to go up at this point. You will encounter an avian skyship that sells a variety of 1h and 2h guns. This makes life in the Alpha Sector (and the boss) MUCH easier.

X -80853935
Y -50610572
Glitch Crown