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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- p. 144 - wordbuilding
- We can talk about groups of people with “the” and an adjective to describe them:
- the poor = poor people in general
- the young = young people in general
- “The rich get richer, the poor get poorer.”
- “Youth is wasted on the young.”
- - If you are talking about one person, you need to say “person” or it will sound offensive.
- - We can understand this with almost every adjective, but adjectives that describe a common “class” of people are more usual, and adjectives for things like height would sound strange.
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- Grammar: causatives = you “cause” someone else to do an action
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- p. 144 part 7 - What is the object of “get” or “have”?
- a The idea of getting a worker to hand wash your car was unthinkable.
- b You can have your car washed for $6.
- c You don’t have to be rich to have a cleaner come once a week.
- d Another example would be getting your windows cleaned every few months.
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- If you mention the person:
- get + someone + infinitive - get someone to wash your car, get a maid to clean your house
- have + someone + base form - have someone water your plants, have a friend feed your cat
- (These sentences aren’t necessarily about paying someone to do work. They can also be requests.)
- If you don’t mention the person:
- get/have + something + past participle - get your hair cut, get your nails done, have your oil changed
- (This almost always means you’re paying to have this done.)
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- What are some other services you might pay for (that aren’t domestic help)?
- I get my food delivered by UberEats.
- You got your hair cut.
- I get my clothes dry-cleaned across the street from my house.
- I got my ears pierced.
- He got his tattoo done yesterday.
- I had a new TV installed.
- I had my electricity fixed.
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- p. 145 part 8 - Complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses.
- 1 to do
- 2 help
- 3 done (“get” in this sentence isn’t causative, it’s just a simple passive)
- 4 cleaned
- 5 to do
- 6 fix
- 7 organize
- 8 cared
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- I had an accountant do my taxes. - This only means that I paid an accountant to do my taxes one specific time.
- I had an accountant to do my taxes. - This means that I had an accountant. His job was to do my taxes (without my asking) (and he may have done them any number of times).
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- I got my kids dropped off at school this morning.
- I’m calling a taxi to have my friend taken to the airport.
- My kids and my friend are “someone”s, but they don’t do these actions, so we use the passive form.
- I have a machine wash my dishes.
- A machine is a “something”, but in this case it does the action, so we use it like “someone”.
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- Cambridge TOEFL
- ETS Guide
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- pronunciation: part 11
- - repeate the words in part a
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- “chores” and “shores” need to sound different
- shoe/chew, sheep/cheap
- Where can I find some cheap sheep that won’t chew my shoes?
- I want to ship cheap sheep on a cheap sheep ship.
- The voiced sounds often occur in pairs that also have different vowels
- college/collage
- message/massage
- pledger/pleasure (In this pair the vowels are the same, it’s only the middle sound that’s different.)
- There’s also sometimes difficulty with the voiced/voiceless pairs:
- cheap/Jeep
- leasher/liesure
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- beat bit bait bet bat bot
- boot boat but bought bout
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- English is difficult. It can be understood through tough thorough thought, though.
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