2014-10-15 Structure: present/past tense review

[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
------------
TENSE REVIEW
------------
there are 12 basic tenses in English:
simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous
simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous
future, future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous

continuous = progressive = [be] + verb(ing)

perfect = [have] + past participle
(list of irregular verbs on p. A-1, after p. 416)
---
progressive: actions (not states) that take time and are in progress at the time we're talking about (the focus time)

We are studying grammar right now.
I was walking when I saw the accident.
I will be eating dinner at 7:00.
---
perfect: things that happen before the focus time
(present perfect: actions that happen at an indefinite time)

I have visited Europe three times.
(I visited Europe last month. - definite time = simple past)

I had known her for 6 years when she got married.
She had met her husband 5 years earlier.
They had gotten engaged the year before.
---
action verbs: verbs that describe things which take time
non-action (state) verbs: describe conditions which don't require any time

p. 7 exercise 1B
2 S
3 S
4 A
5 S
6 A
7 S
8 S
9 A
10 S
---
2000 - she starts writing
2004 - she finishes her first book
2007 - I meet her
2008 - she finishes her second book
2012 - she gets married
(now - 2014)
2015 - she finishes her third book
---
She started writing in 2000.
In 2003, she was writing her first book.
When I met her, she had written her first book.
She had been writing her second book for three years.

She writes books. She has a husband. She is married.
She is writing her third book. She's planning to have kids.
She has written two books so far. She's been married 2 years.
She has been writing books since 2000.

She will finish her third book in 2015.
She will be writing her third book for another year.
By 2016, she will have finished her third book.
	 she will have written three books.
She will have been writing for 16 years.
---
(remember - simple past for specific, completed times, present perfect for non-specific or incomplete times)
p. 20 exercise 2
2 didn't happen
3 got
4 came
5 thought
6 I've ever met
7 called up
8 asked
9 wanted
10 made
11 led
12 've never known
13 's always loved
14 've never been able
---
I never went swimming this year. (The time for swimming this year is completed, even though this year isn't.)
---
Past Habits/States:
I used to smoke. (past habit, now I don't)
I used to have long hair. (past state, now I don't)
I didn't use to run every day. (now I run every day)
Did you use to run every day?
(I'm used to the cold weather. I'm used to working late.)

When I was in high school, I would smoke during lunch.
(we can use "would" for past habitual actions)
* I would have long hair when I was younger. (not for states)

Future in the Past:
I didn't know who I would marry.
"Who will I marry?" -> backshifted to past tense
I knew he would have long hair.
I knew, "He will have long hair (when I see him)."

I was going to be a lawyer, but then I changed my mind.
I was going to call you, but you called me first.
(plans in the past that changed)
I didn't know who I was going to marry.
I knew he was going to have long hair.
(noun clauses backshifted to past tense)
---
Homework: p. 31