2016-10-13 TOEFL: listening inference, speaking 6

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-does-the-nobel-peace-prize-work-adeline-cuvelier-and-toril-rokseth
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Yesterday’s handout - Oxford p. 232
From your knowledge of word roots, what do you think “kinesiology” is about?
What is “cognition”?
What kind of effect do you think physical exercise might have on cognition?
What type of exercise do you think would be best for improving cognition?
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Listen to the discussion and take notes.
In pairs or three, compare your notes and paraphrase the discussion. What new terminology was discussed? Do you remember (or did you write down) what the new terms mean?

1. Study
	* participants
	- sch. kids from IL
	* method
	- measure BMI, do exercise, test in math and reading
	* results
	- fit kids did best on test
2. Science behind results = process
	1. move muscles -> IFG-1 produced
	2. IFG-1 (protein) -> brain
	3. ↑ prod. of BDNF
3. BDNF = brain derived neurotrophic factor
	* prom. high-lvl thought
	* ↑ exercise -> ↑ cap. for cog. tasks
	* study: BDNF -> new cells and connections
	* chem. facilitates learning
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p. 233 exercise 4L8 - answer the test questions about the listening you just did
1 c
2 d
3 b
4 a, c (It is produced in the brain, but that isn’t what makes it important to cognitive ability.)
5 a
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DELTA p. 231 - Examples of inference and prediction questions.
p. 232-3 - Examples of paraphrase and generalization questions (which can be considered types of inference)
p. 233 part 7 - Read the excerpt and answer the question
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2.4.A - Listen to each recording and take notes. Then answer those questions on p. 234.
Check your answers with your partner.
1 D - purpose
2 C - prediction
3 B - main idea
4 C - prediction
5 B
6 A
7 A
8 B
9 C
10 D
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After break we’ll do another set of listening practice questions, and then talk about speaking question 6.
(Listen to an academic discussion or lecture and summarize it.)
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BREAK
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p. 235-236 exercise 2.4.B - Listen and take notes about each excerpt, then answer the questions that go with it.
Compare your answers with a partner’s.
1 A
2 C
3 D
4 A, C
5 D
6 C
7 C
8 B (using phototropism as an example in a lecture about plant hormones implies that the process relies on hormones)
9 B, C
10 D
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For the entire listening section, 4 of the 6 speaking tasks, and the first writing task, it is very important that you take good notes about what you hear.

Speaking question 6 - Listen to a talk about an academic topic, then summarize the talk.
	(listen, then 20s to prepare, 60s to speak)
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Listen and take notes about a lecture in a business class. (Cengage p. 509, CD09.05 lesson 20.1)
Compare your notes with a partner. Did you write down the same main points and details? Are your partner’s notes clearly organized? Are yours?
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What is the main topic of the lecture? - development of supermarkets
When did they appear? - 1930s
What happened in the 1950s? - they “took off” (became successful)
Where did people shop before supermarkets? - neighborhood grocery stores
What happened after supermarkets appeared? - neighborhood stores disappeared
Why were supermarkets successful? - lower cost (buy in high volume, more self-service), more variety
economy of scale = when you buy a large amount, you can get it for cheaper
Today, supermarkets face: challenge of “mega” and “hyper” markets, which have even lower prices and even more variety than supermarkets
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Listen to an astronomy lecture and take notes.
- The Sun is a yellow dwarf. But if your notes say something you’d pronounce more or less the same way, then you can do well on the speaking.

Cengage handout p. 511 - Answer these questions from your notes.
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Listen to a communications class lecture and take notes.
p. 512 - Answer the questions.
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DELTA books p. 322 - example of speaking question 6
- the organization of your answer depends on exactly what question they ask
What should you do during your 20 seconds of preparation time?

p. 324 part 4 - make sure to clearly and strongly pronounce key words and signal words that show your organization

part 5 - Listen to the lecture and take notes.

You don’t usually need a concluding sentence for this question, as long as you have described and explained the things the question asks about. However, being prepared to say one last sentence in case you finish early is probably a good idea.