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- In biology, immunity is the state of having sufficient biological defences to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion.
- Naturally acquired immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, whereas artificially acquired immunity develops only through deliberate actions such as vaccination.
- Immunity from prosecution occurs when a prosecutor grants immunity, usually to a witness in exchange for testimony or production of other evidence.
- Transactional immunity (colloquially known as "blanket" or "total" immunity) completely protects the witness from future prosecution for crimes related to his or her testimony.
- Hearing loss is being partly or totally unable to hear sound in one or both ears.
- Conductive hearing loss (CHL) occurs because of a mechanical problem in the outer or middle ear.
- Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when the tiny hair cells (nerve endings) that detect sound in the ear are injured, diseased, do not work correctly, or have died.
- This type of hearing loss often cannot be reversed.
- In law, a hearing is a proceeding before a court or other decision-making body or officer, such as a government agency.
- Within some criminal justice systems, a preliminary hearing (evidentiary hearing) is a proceeding, after a criminal complaint has been filed by the prosecutor, to determine whether there is enough evidence to require a trial.
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