2020-02-18 Grammar: phrases and clauses

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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p. 32 exercise 1 - With your partner, write a question for each answer. There will probably be many possibilities.
1 Who is Donald Trump? / Who lives in the White House? / Who was Barack Obama?
2 Where did he go? / What did he do? / Why isn’t he here?
3 Who is the teacher? (stress “I”) / Are you Greg? (stress “am”)
4 When were you born?
5 What time are your classes?
6 Where did you get that? (I probably wouldn’t use “from” in an answer to a question with “from”.)
7 Why do you want to go out tonight?
8 When will you move to Boston? / When will you eat lunch?
9 Why did he rob the bank?
10 Why are you studying so much?
11 How can I improve my English?
12 Who can speak English? / Can you speak French?
13 Why are you here?
14 Why are you researching all these companies?
15 Who is going to pay the bill?
16 How long will he stay in the TOEFL class?
17 Who will you give that to? / Where are you sending that gift?
18 What do you need to finish the test?
19 How expensive is the cell phone? / Why couldn’t you buy the cell phone?
20 How long will you live with your parents?
21 Why is he saving money?
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In a conversation, answers to questions are often only part of the complete sentence.
There are two types of “sentence parts”:
1 clause = a group of words that includes a subject and a verb
2 phrase = a group of words that fit together (but aren’t a clause)
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Categorize the answers in exercise 1.
1 phrase
2 sentence
3 sentence
4 phrase
5 phrase
6 phrase
7 phrase
8 clause
9 clause
10 phrase
11 phrase
12 sentence
13 phrase
14 phrase
15 phrase
16 clause
17 phrase
18 phrase
19 phrase
20 clause
21 clause
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p. 30 gives examples of 4 kinds of phrases and 4 kinds of clauses
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p. 32 exercise 2 - Underline each separate clause in the sentences
Certain types of clauses (especially adjective clauses) can be “inside” other clauses.
An old lady [who swallowed a fly] was admitted to the hospital [where my dad works] last night.
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Homework: p. 34 exercise 3 - Circle the verbs and verb phrases, underline the adverbs and adverb phrases, and be sure you know which words they modify.