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  1. Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
  2. Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
  3. PO BOX 1031
  4. Mesquite, TX 75150
  5.  
  6. October 16, 1990
  7.  
  8. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  9.  
  10. How to Build a Flying Saucer
  11. After So Many
  12. Amateurs
  13. Have Failed
  14.  
  15. An essay in Speculative Engineering
  16.  
  17. by T. B. Pawlicki
  18.  
  19. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  20.  
  21. At the end of the nineteenth century, the most distinguished
  22. scientists and engineers declared that no known combination of
  23. materials and locomotion could be assembled into a practical flying
  24. machine. Fifty years later another generation of distinguished
  25. scientists and engineers declared that it was technologically
  26. infeasible for a rocket ship to reach the moon. Nevertheless, men
  27. were getting off the ground and out into space even while these
  28. words were uttered.
  29.  
  30. In the last half of the twentieth century, when technology is
  31. advancing faster than reports can reach the public, it is
  32. fashionable to hold the pronouncements of yesterday's experts to
  33. ridicule. But there is something anomalous about the consistency
  34. with which eminent authorities fail to recognize technological
  35. advances even while they are being made. You must bear in mind that
  36. these men are not given to making public pronouncements in haste;
  37. their conclusions are reached after exhaustive calculations and
  38. proofs, and they are better informed about their subject than anyone
  39. else alive. But by and large, revolutionary advances in technology
  40. do not contribute to the advantage of established experts, so they
  41. tend to believe that the challenge cannot possibly be realized.
  42.  
  43. The UFO phenomenon is a perversity in the annals of
  44. revolutionary engineering. On the one hand, public authorities deny
  45. the existence of flying saucers and prove their existence to be
  46. impossible. This is just as we should expect from established
  47. experts. But on the other hand, people who believe that flying
  48. saucers exist have produced findings that only tend to prove that
  49. UFOs are technologically infeasible by any known combination of
  50. materials and locomotion.
  51.  
  52. There is reason to suspect that the people who believe in the
  53. existence of UFOs do not want to discover the technology because it
  54. is not in the true believer's self interest that a flying saucer be
  55.  
  56. Page 1
  57.  
  58.  
  59.  
  60.  
  61.  
  62. within the capability of human engineering. The true believer wants
  63. to believe that UFOs are of extraterrestrial origin because he is
  64. seeking some kind of relief from debt and taxes by an alliance with
  65. superhuman powers.
  66.  
  67. If anyone with mechanical ability really wanted to know how a
  68. saucer flies, he would study the testimonies to learn the flight
  69. characteristics of this craft, and then ask, "How can we do this
  70. saucer thing?" This is probably what Werner Von Braun said when he
  71. decided that it was in his self-interest to launch man into space:
  72. "How can we get this bird off the ground, and keep it off?"
  73.  
  74. Well, what is a flying saucer? It is a disc-shaped craft about
  75. thirty feet in diameter with a dome in the center accommodating the
  76. crew and, presumably, the operating machinery. And it flies. So
  77. let us begin by building a disc-shaped airfoil, mount the cockpit
  78. and the engine under a central canopy, and see if we can make it
  79. fly. As a matter of fact, during World War II the United States
  80. actually constructed a number of experimental aircraft conforming to
  81. these specifications, and photographs of the craft are published
  82. from time to time in popular magazines about science and flight. It
  83. is highly likely that some of the UFO reports before 1950 were
  84. sightings of these test flights. See how easy it is when you 'want'
  85. to find answers to a mystery?
  86.  
  87. The mythical saucer also flies at incredible speeds. Well, the
  88. speeds believed possible depend upon the time and place of the
  89. observer. As stated earlier, a hundred years ago, twenty-five miles
  90. per hour was legally prohibited in the belief that such a terrific
  91. velocity would endanger human life. So replace the propeller of the
  92. experimental disc airfoil with a modern aerojet engine. Is mach 3
  93. fast enough for believers?
  94.  
  95. But the true saucer not only flies, it also hovers. You mean
  96. like a Hovercraft? One professional engineer translated Ezekiel's
  97. description of heavenly ships as a helicopter-cum-hovercraft.
  98.  
  99. But what of the anomalous electromagnetic effects manifest in
  100. the space surrounding a flying saucer? Well, Nikola Tesla
  101. demonstrated a prototype of an electronic device that was eventually
  102. developed into the electron microscope, the television screen, an
  103. aerospace engine called the Ion Drive. Since World War II, the
  104. engineering of the Ion Drive has been advanced as the most promising
  105. solution to the propulsion of interplanetary spaceships. The drive
  106. operates by charging atomic particles and directing them with
  107. electro-magnetic force as a jet to the rear, generating a forward
  108. thrust in reaction. The advantage of the Ion Drive over chemical
  109. rockets is that a spaceship can sweep in the ions it needs from its
  110. flight path, like an aerojet sucks in air through its engines.
  111. Therefore, the ship must carry only the fuel it needs to generate
  112. the power for its chargers; there is no need to carry dead weight in
  113. the form of rocket exhaust. There is another advantage to be
  114. derived from ion rocketry: The top speed of a reaction engine is
  115. limited by the ejection velocity of its exhaust. An ion jet is
  116. close to the speed of light. If space travel is ever to be
  117. practical, transport will have to achieve a large fraction of the
  118. speed of light.
  119.  
  120. In 1972 the French journal Science et Avenir reported Franco-
  121.  
  122. Page 2
  123.  
  124.  
  125.  
  126.  
  127.  
  128. American research into a method of ionizing the airstream flowing
  129. over the wings to eliminate sonic boom, a serious objection to the
  130. commercial success of the Concorde. Four years later a picture
  131. appeared in an American tabloid of a model aircraft showing the
  132. current state of development. The photograph shows a disc-shaped
  133. craft, but not so thin as a saucer; it looks more like a flying
  134. curling stone. In silent flight, the ionized air flowing around the
  135. craft glows as a proper ufo should. The last word comes from an
  136. engineering professor at the local university; he has begun
  137. construction of a flying saucer in his backyard.
  138.  
  139. To the true believer, the flying saucer has no jet. It seems
  140. to fly by some kind of antigravity. As antigravity is not known to
  141. exist in physical theory or experimental fact in popular science,
  142. the saucer is clearly alien and beyond human comprehension. But
  143. antigravity depends upon what you conceive gravity to be, doesn't
  144. it?
  145.  
  146. For all practical purposes, you do not have to understand what
  147. Newton and Einstien mean by gravity. Gravity is an acceleration
  148. downward, to the center of the earth. Therefore, antigravity is an
  149. acceleration upward. As far as practical engineering is concerned,
  150. any means to achieve a gain in altitude is an antigravity engine.
  151. An airplane; a balloon; a rocket; a stepladder; all are antigravity
  152. engines. See how easy it is to invent an antigravity engine?
  153.  
  154. There are three basic kinds of locomotive engines. The primary
  155. principle is traction. The foot and the wheel are traction engines.
  156. The traction engines depend upon friction against a surrounding
  157. medium to generate movement, and locomotion can proceed only as far
  158. and as speedily as the surrounding friction will provide. The
  159. second principle is displacement. The balloon and the submarine
  160. rise by displacing a denser medium; they descend by displacing less
  161. that their weight. The tertiary drive is the rocket engine. A
  162. rocket is driven by reaction from the mass of material it ejects.
  163. Although a rocket is most efficient when not impeded by a
  164. surrounding medium, it must carry not only it's fuel but also the
  165. mass it must eject. As a consequence, the rocket is impractical
  166. where powerful acceleration is required for extended drives. In
  167. chemical rocketry, ten minutes is a long burn for powered flight.
  168. What is needed for practical antigravity locomotion is a fourth
  169. principle which does not depend upon a surrounding medium or
  170. ejection of mass.
  171.  
  172. You must take notice that none of the principles of locomotion
  173. required any new discovery. they have all been around for thousands
  174. of years, and engineering only implemented the principle with
  175. increasing efficiency. A fourth principle of locomotion has also
  176. been around for thousands of years: It is centrifugal force.
  177. Centrifugal force is the principle of the military sling and the
  178. medieval catapult.
  179.  
  180. Everyone knows that centrifugal force can overcome gravity. If
  181. directed upward, centrifugal force can be used to drive an
  182. antigravity engine. The problem engineers have been unable to solve
  183. is that centrifugal force is generated in all directions on the
  184. plane of the centrifuge. It won't provide locomotion unless the
  185. force can be concentrated in one direction. The solution of the
  186. sling, of releasing the wheeling at the instant the centrifugal
  187.  
  188. Page 3
  189.  
  190.  
  191.  
  192.  
  193.  
  194. force is directed along the ballistic trajectory, has all the
  195. inefficiencies of a cannon. The difficulty of the problem is not
  196. real, however. There is a mental block preventing people from
  197. perceiving a centrifuge as anything other than a flywheel.
  198.  
  199. A bicycle wheel is a flywheel. If you remove the rim and tire,
  200. leaving only the spokes sticking out of the hub, you still have a
  201. flywheel. In fact, spokes alone make a more efficient flywheel than
  202. the complete wheel; this is because momentum only goes up only in
  203. proportion to mass but with the square of speed. Spokes are made of
  204. drawn steel with extreme tensile strength, so spokes alone can
  205. generate the highest level of centrifugal force long after the rim
  206. and tire have disintegrated. But spokes alone still generate
  207. centrifugal force equally in all directions from the plane of
  208. rotation. All you have to do to concentrate centrifugal force in
  209. one direction is remove all the spokes but one. That one spoke
  210. still functions as a flywheel, even though it is not a wheel any
  211. longer.
  212.  
  213. See how easy it is once you accept an attitude of solving one
  214. problem at a time as you come to it? You can even add a weight to
  215. the end of the spoke to increase the centrifugal force.
  216.  
  217. But our centrifuge still generates a centrifugal force
  218. acceleration in all directions around the plane of rotation even
  219. though it doesn't generate acceleration equally in all directions at
  220. the same time. All we have managed to do is make the whole ball of
  221. wire wobble around the common center of mass between the axle and
  222. free end of the spoke. To solve this problem, now that we have come
  223. to it, we need merely to accelerate the spoke through a few degrees
  224. of arc and then let it complete the cycle of revolution without
  225. power. As long as it is accelerated during the same arc at each
  226. cycle, the locomotive will lurch in one direction, albeit
  227. intermittently. But don't forget that the piston engine also drives
  228. intermittently. The regular centrifugal pulses can be evened out by
  229. mounting several centrifuges on the same axle so that a pulse from
  230. another flywheel takes over as soon as one pulse of power is past
  231. it's arc.
  232.  
  233. The next problem facing us is that the momentum imparted to the
  234. centrifugal spoke is carries it all around the cycle with little
  235. loss of velocity. The amount of concentrated centrifugal force
  236. carrying the engine in the desired direction is too low to be
  237. practical. Momentum is half the product of mass multiplied by
  238. velocity squared. Therefore, what we need is a spoke that has a
  239. tremendous velocity with minimal mass. They don't make spokes like
  240. that for bicycle wheels. A search through the engineers' catalog
  241. however, turns up just the kind of centrifuge we need. An electron
  242. has no mass at rest (you cannot find a smaller minimum mass than
  243. that); all it's mass is inherent in its velocity. So we build an
  244. electron raceway in the shape of a doughnut in which we can
  245. accelerate an electron to a speed close to that of light. As the
  246. speed of light is approached, the energy of acceleration is
  247. converted to a momentum approaching infinity. As it happens, an
  248. electron accelerator answering our need was developed by the
  249. University of California during the last years of World War II. It
  250. is called a betatron, and the doughnut is small enough to be carried
  251. comfortably in a man's hands.
  252.  
  253.  
  254. Page 4
  255.  
  256.  
  257.  
  258.  
  259.  
  260. We can visualize the operation of the Mark I from what is known
  261. about particle accelerators. To begin with, high energy electrons
  262. ionize the air surrounding them. This causes the betatrons to glow
  263. like an annular neon tube.
  264.  
  265. Therefore, around the rim of the saucer a ring of lights will
  266. glow like a string of shining beads at night. The power required
  267. for flight will ionize enough of the surrounding atmosphere to short
  268. out all electrical wiring in the vicinity unless it is specially
  269. shielded. In theory, the top speed of the Mark I is close to the
  270. speed of light; in practice there are many more problems to be
  271. solved before relativistic speeds can be approached.
  272.  
  273. The peculiar property of microwaves heating all material
  274. containing the water molecule means that any animal luckless enough
  275. to be nearby may be cooked from the inside out; vegetation will be
  276. scorched where a saucer lands; and any rocks containing water of
  277. crystallization will be blasted. Every housewife with a microwave
  278. knows all this; only hard-headed scientists and soft-headed true
  279. believers are completely dumbfounded. The UFOnauts would be cooked
  280. by their own engines, too, if they left the flight deck without
  281. shielding. This probably explains why a pair of UFOnauts, in a
  282. widely published photograph, wear reflective plastic jumpsuits.
  283. Mounting the betatrons outboard on a disc is an efficient way to get
  284. them away from the crew's compartment, and the plating of the hull
  285. shields the interior. At high accelerations, increasing amounts of
  286. power are transformed into radiation, making the centrifugal drive
  287. inefficient in strong gravitational fields. The most practical
  288. employment of this engineering is for large spacecraft, never
  289. intended to land. The flying saucers we see are very likely
  290. scouting craft sent from mother ships moored in orbit. For brief
  291. periods of operation, the heavy fuel consumption of the Mark I can
  292. be tolerated, along with radiation leakage - especially when the
  293. planet being scouted is not your own.
  294.  
  295. When you compare the known operating features of particle
  296. centrifuges with the eyewitness testimony, it is fairly evident that
  297. any expert claiming flying saucers to be utterly beyond any human
  298. explanation is not doing his homework, and he should be reexamined
  299. for his professional license.
  300.  
  301. For dramatic purpose, I have classified the development of the
  302. flying saucer through five stages:
  303.  
  304. Mark I - Electronic centrifuges mounted around a fixed disc,
  305. outboard.
  306. Mark II - Electronic centrifuges mounted outboard around a
  307. rotating disc.
  308. Mark III - Electronic centrifuges mounted outboard around a
  309. rotating disc, period of cycles tuned to harmonize
  310. with ley lines, for jet assist.
  311. Mark IV - Particle centrifuge tuned to modify time coordinates
  312. by faster than light travel.
  313. Mark V - No centrifuge. Solid state coils and crystal
  314. harmonics transforms ambient field directly for
  315. dematerialization and rematerialization at
  316. destinations in time and space.
  317.  
  318. Now that the UFO phenomenon has been demystified and reduced to
  319.  
  320. Page 5
  321.  
  322.  
  323.  
  324.  
  325.  
  326. human ken, we can proceed to prove the theory. If your resources
  327. are like those of the PLO, you can go ahead and build your own
  328. flying saucer without any further information from me, but I have
  329. nothing to work with except the junk I can find around the house.
  330.  
  331. I found an old electric motor that had burned out, but still
  332. had a few turns left in it. I drilled a hole through the driving
  333. axle so that an eight inch bar would slide freely through it. I
  334. mounted the motor on a chassis so that the bar would rotate on an
  335. eccentric cam. In this way in end of the bar was always extended in
  336. the same direction while the other end was always pressed into the
  337. driving axle. As both ends had the same angular velocity at all
  338. times, the end extending out from the axle would always have a
  339. higher angular momentum. This resulted in a concentration of
  340. centrifugal acceleration in one direction. when I plugged the in
  341. the motor, the sight of my brainchild lurching ahead - unsteadily,
  342. but in a constant direction, - gave me a bigger thrill than my
  343. baptism of sex - lasted longer, too. But not much longer. In less
  344. than twenty seconds the burned-out motor gasped its last and died in
  345. a puff of smoke; the test run was broadcast on radio microphone but
  346. the spectacle was lost without television. Because my prototype did
  347. not survive long enough to run in two directions I had to declare
  348. the test inconclusive because of mechanical breakdown. So, what the
  349. hell, the Wright brothers didn't get far off the ground the first
  350. time they tried either. Now that I know the critter will move, it
  351. is worthwhile to put a few bucks in to a new motor, install a
  352. clutch, and gear the transmission down. One problem at a time is
  353. the way it goes.
  354.  
  355. A rectified centrifuge small enough to hold in one hand and
  356. powered by solar cells, based on my design, could be manufactured
  357. for about fifty dollars (depending on production and competitive
  358. bids). Installed on Skylab, it would be sufficient to keep the
  359. craft in orbit indefinitely. A larger Hyperspace Drive (as I call
  360. this particular design) will provide a small but constant
  361. acceleration for interplanetary spacecraft that would accumulate
  362. practical velocities over runs of several days.
  363.  
  364. It is rumored that a gentleman by the name of Dean invented
  365. another kind of antigravity engine sometime during the past fifty
  366. years, but I have been unable to track down any more information
  367. except that its design consists of wheels within wheels. A
  368. gentleman in Florida, Hans, Schnebel, sent me a description of a
  369. machine he built and tested that is similar in principle to the Dean
  370. drive. Essentially, a large rotating disk has a smaller rotating
  371. disc on one side of the main driving axle. The two wheels are
  372. geared together so that a weight mounted on the rim of the smaller
  373. wheel is always at the outside of the larger wheel during the same
  374. length of arc of each revolution, and always next to the main axle
  375. during the opposite arc. What happens is that the velocity of the
  376. weight is amplified by harmonic coincidence with the large rotor
  377. during one half of its period of revolution, and diminished during
  378. the other half cycle. This concentrates momentum in the same
  379. quarter continually, to rectify the centrifuge. The result is
  380. identical to my Hyperspace Drive, but has the beauty of continuously
  381. rotating motion. Now, if the Dean drive is made with a huge main
  382. rotor, - like about thirty feet in diameter - there is enough room
  383. to mount a series of smaller wheels around the rim, set in gimbals
  384.  
  385.  
  386. Page 6
  387.  
  388.  
  389.  
  390.  
  391.  
  392. for attitude control, an Mr. Dean himself has himself a model T
  393. Flying Saucer requiring no license from the AEC.
  394.  
  395. In 1975, Professor Eric Laithwaite, Head of the Department of
  396. Electrical Engineering at the Imperial College of Science and
  397. Technology in London, England, invented another approach to
  398. harnessing the centrifugal force of a gyroscope to power an
  399. antigravity engine - well, he almost invented it, but he did not
  400. have the sense to hold onto success when he grasped it. Professor
  401. Laithwaite is world-renowned for his most creative solutions to the
  402. problems of magnetic-levitation-propulsion systems, and the fruit of
  403. his brain is operating today in Germany and Japan, his railway
  404. trains float in the air while traveling at over three hundred miles
  405. per hour. If anyone can present the world with a proven anti
  406. gravity engine, it must be the professor.
  407.  
  408. Laithwaite satisfied himself that the precessional force
  409. causing a gyroscope to wobble had no reaction. This is a clear
  410. violation of Newton's Third Law of Motion as 'generally conceived'.
  411. Laithwaite figured that if he could engage the precessional
  412. acceleration while the gyroscope wobbled in one direction and
  413. release the precession while it wobble in other directions, he would
  414. be able to demonstrate to a forum of colleagues and critics at the
  415. college a rectified centrifuge that worked as a proper antigravity
  416. engine. His insight was sound but he did not work it out right.
  417. All he succeeded in demonstrating was a 'separation between action
  418. and reaction,' and his engine did nothing but oscillate violently.
  419. Unfortunately, neither Laithwaite or his critics were looking for a
  420. temporal separation between action and reaction, so the loophole he
  421. proved in Newton's Third Law was not noticed. Everyone was looking
  422. for action without reaction, so no one saw anything at all.
  423. Innumerable other inventors have constructed engines essentially
  424. identical to Laithwaite's, including a young high school dropout who
  425. lives across the street from me.
  426.  
  427. Another invention described is U.S. Patent disclosure number
  428. 3,653,269, granted to Richard Foster, a retired chemical engineer in
  429. Louisiana. Foster mounted his gyroscopes around the rim of a large
  430. rotor disc, like a two cylinder flying saucer. Every time the rotor
  431. turns a half cycle, the precessional twist of the gyros in reaction
  432. generates a powerful force. During the half cycle when Foster's
  433. gyros were twisting in the other direction, his clutch grabbed and
  434. transmitted the power to the driving wheels. During the other half
  435. cycle, the gyros twisted freely. Foster claims his machine traveled
  436. four miles per hour until it flew to pieces from centrifugal forces.
  437. After examining the patents, I agreed that it looked like it would
  438. work, and it certainly would fly to pieces because the bearing
  439. mounts were not nearly strong enough to contain the powerful
  440. twisting forces his machine generated. Foster's design, however,
  441. cannot be included among antigravity engines because it would not
  442. operate off the ground. He never claimed it would, and Foster
  443. always described his invention truthfully as nothing more than an
  444. implementation of the fourth principle of locomotion.
  445.  
  446. What Laithwaite needed was another rotary component, like the
  447. Dean drive, geared to his engine's oscillations so that they would
  448. always be turned to drive in the same direction. As it happens, an
  449. Italian by the name of Todeschini recently secured a patent on this
  450.  
  451.  
  452. Page 7
  453.  
  454.  
  455.  
  456.  
  457.  
  458. idea, and his working model is said to be attracting the interest of
  459. European engineers.
  460.  
  461. When the final rectifying device is added to the essential
  462. Laithwaite design, all the moving parts generate the vectors of a
  463. vortex, and the velocity generated is the axial thrust of the
  464. vortex. Therefore I call inventions based on this design the Vortex
  465. Drive.
  466.  
  467. By replacing the Hyperspace modules of the Mark I Flying Saucer
  468. with Vortex modules, still retaining the essential betatron as the
  469. centrifuge, performance is improved for the Mark II. To begin with,
  470. drive is generated only when the main rotor is revolving, so the
  471. saucer can be parked with the motor running. This eliminates the
  472. agonizing doubt we all suffered when the Lunar Landers were about to
  473. blast off to rejoin the command capsule: Will the engine start?
  474. This would explain why the ring of lights around the rim of a saucer
  475. is said to begin to revolve immediately prior to lift off. A
  476. precessional drive affords a wider range of control, and the
  477. responses are more stable than a direct centrifuge. But the most
  478. interesting improvement is the result of the 'structure' of the
  479. electromagnetic field generated by the Vortex drive. By amplifying
  480. and diminishing certain vectors harmonically, the Mark III flying
  481. saucer can ride the electromagnetic current of the Earth's
  482. electromagnetic field like the jet stream. And this is just what we
  483. see UFO's doing, don't we, as they are reported running their
  484. regular flight corridors during the biennial tourist season.
  485. Professor Laithwaite got all this together when he conceived of his
  486. antigravity engine as a practical application of his theory of
  487. "rivers of energy running through space"; he just could not get it
  488. off the drawing board the first time.
  489.  
  490. The flying saucer consumes fuel at a rate that cannot be
  491. supplied by all the wells in Arabia. Therefore we have to assume
  492. that UFO engineers must have developed a practical atomic fusion
  493. reactor. But once the Mark III is perfected, another fuel supply
  494. becomes attainable, and no other is so practical for flying saucer.
  495. The Moray Valve converts the Mark III into a Mark IV Flying Saucer
  496. by extending its operational capabilities through 'time' as well as
  497. space. The Moray Valve, you see, functions by changing the
  498. direction of flow of energy in the Sun's gravitational field. It is
  499. the velocity of energy that determines motion, and motion determines
  500. the flow of time. We shall continue the engineering of flying
  501. saucers in the following essays.
  502.  
  503. My investigation into antigravity engineering brought me a
  504. technical report while this typescript was in preparation. Dr.
  505. Mason Rose, President of the University for Social Research,
  506. published a paper describing the discoveries of Dr. Paul Alfred
  507. Biefeld, astronomer and physicist at the California Institute for
  508. Advanced Studies, and his assistant, Townsend Brown. In 1923
  509. Biefeld discovered that a heavily charged electrical condensor moved
  510. toward its positive pole when suspended in a gravitational field.
  511. He assigned Brown to study the effect as a research project. A
  512. series of experiments showed Brown that the most efficient shape for
  513. a field propelled condensor was a disc with a central dome. In 1926
  514. Townsend published his paper describing all the construction
  515. features and flight characteristics of a flying saucer, conforming
  516. to the testimony of the first flight witnessed over Mount Rainer
  517.  
  518. Page 8
  519.  
  520.  
  521.  
  522.  
  523.  
  524. twenty-one years later and corroborated by thousands of witnesses
  525. since. (The Biefeld-Brown Effect explains why a Mark III rides the
  526. electromagnetic jet stream.)
  527.  
  528. We may speculate that flying saucers spotted from time to time
  529. may not only include visitors from other planets and travelers
  530. through time, but also fledglings from an unknown number of cuckoo's
  531. nests in secret experimental plants all over the world. The space
  532. program at Cape Canaveral may be nothing more than a supercolossal
  533. theatre orchestrated by Cecil B. Demille to reassure Americans that
  534. they are still 'numero uno' after Russia beat our atomic ace by
  535. putting Sputnik into orbit. We need not doubt that the Apollo
  536. spaceships got to the Moon, but we may wonder if Neil Armstrong was
  537. the first man to land there. The real space program may have been
  538. conducted in secret as a spin-off from the Manhattan Project since
  539. the end of World War II, and Apollo 13 may have been picked up by a
  540. sag wagon to make sure our team scored a home run every time they
  541. went to bat. The exploration of space is the most dangerous
  542. enterprise ever taken on by a living species. Don't you ever wonder
  543. why the Russians are losing men in space like a safari being
  544. decimated in headhunter country, while nothing ever happens to our
  545. boys except accidents during ground training?
  546.  
  547. -T.B. Pawlicki
  548.  
  549. Well, I hope you enjoyed that. Coming soon in our series of
  550. informational speculations:
  551. Build your own Time Machine,
  552. Build your own Pyramid or Megalith,
  553. Turn lead into gold,
  554. Create a worldwide communications network,
  555. and my personal favorite,
  556. How to build an atomic bomb.
  557.  
  558. Now if someone knows how we can clone a person using household
  559. materials, that would be the topper of the toppers. Keep your mind
  560. open, but not so open that your brains fall out...
  561.  
  562. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  563.  
  564. This file courteously supplied to KeelyNet
  565. by the Darkside (Ken Geest) at
  566. 314-644-6705
  567.  
  568. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  569. -The Rev.
  570.  
  571. Transcendental Communications...
  572. UFOs!
  573. Conspiracies & Cover-Ups!
  574. New Age!
  575.  
  576. [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][] \/
  577. [] [] _______
  578. ^ [] BBS# (714)599-6270 [] (_______)
  579. / \ [] [] ../ o o o o \..
  580. / \ [] FAX# (714)599-5045 [] (_______________)
  581. / (o) \ [] [] ~~~~~~~~~
  582. / \ [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][] .............
  583. -----------
  584. Page 9
  585.  
  586.  
  587.  
  588.  
  589. Vangard Notes
  590.  
  591. I had the pleasure of meeting Tom at the 1987 Global Sciences
  592. Congress in Denver. He is as fascinating in person as his writings
  593. indicate. Tom has also written 2 excellent books, "How to Build a
  594. Flying Saucer" and "Hyper-Space". We have kept in contact since
  595. that time by mail.
  596.  
  597. You may write Tom at : T. B. Pawlicki
  598. 843 Fort Street
  599. Victoria, B.C.
  600. V8W 1H6
  601. Canada
  602.  
  603. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  604.  
  605. If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as
  606. this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard
  607. Sciences address as listed on the first page. Thank you for your
  608. consideration, interest and support.
  609.  
  610. Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
  611. Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
  612. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  613. If we can be of service, you may contact
  614. Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
  615. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  616.  
  617.  
  618.  
  619.  
  620.  
  621.  
  622.  
  623. (word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
  624. Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
  625. Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
  626. PO BOX 1031
  627. Mesquite, TX 75150
  628.  
  629. October 15, 1990
  630.  
  631. listed on KeelyNet as UFO6.ZIP
  632.  
  633. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  634.  
  635.  
  636. The following article was published as a two part series in the
  637. February and March issues of "The UFO Enigma". This is the
  638. newsletter of the UFO Study Group of Greater St. Louis, Inc. This
  639. article could be placed under more than one catagory. Comments
  640. anyone???
  641.  
  642. KEN HANKE
  643.  
  644. --------------------------------------------------------------------
  645.  
  646. NIKOLA TESLA
  647. MAN AHEAD OF HIS TIME
  648. (or How To Build a UFO)
  649.  
  650. By Bill Jones
  651.  
  652. Nikola Tesla, inventor of alternating current motors, did the
  653. basic research for constructing electromagnetic field lift-and-drive
  654. aircraft/space craft. From 1891 to 1893, he gave a set of lectures
  655. and demonstrations to groups of electrical engineers. As part of
  656. each show, Tesla stood in the middle of the stage, using his 6' 6"
  657. height, with an assistant on either side, each 7 feet away. All 3
  658. men wore thick cork or rubber shoe soles to avoid being electrically
  659. grounded. Each assistant held a wire, part of a high voltage, low
  660. current circuit. When Tesla raised his arms to each side, violet
  661. colored electricity jumped harmlessly across the gaps between the
  662. men. At high voltage and frequency in this arrangement, electricity
  663. flows over a surface, even the skin, rather than into it. This is a
  664. basic circuit which could be used by aircraft / spacecraft.
  665.  
  666. The hull is best made double, of thin, machinable, slightly
  667. flexible ceramic. This becomes a good electrical insulator, has no
  668. fire danger, resists any damaging effects of severe heat and cold,
  669. and has the hardness of armor, besides being easy for magnetic
  670. fields to pass through.
  671.  
  672. The inner hull is covered on it's outside by wedge shaped thin
  673. metal sheets of copper or aluminum, bonded to the ceramic. Each
  674. sheet is 3 to 4 feet wide at the horizontal rim of the hull and
  675. tapers to a few inches wide at the top of the hull for the top set
  676. of metal sheets, or at the bottom for the bottom set of sheets.
  677. Each sheet is separated on either side from the next sheet by 1 or 2
  678. inches of uncovered ceramic hull. The top set of sheets and bottom
  679. set of sheets are separated by about 6 inches of uncovered ceramic
  680. hull around the horizontal rim of the hull.
  681.  
  682. Page 1
  683.  
  684.  
  685.  
  686.  
  687.  
  688. The outer hull protects these sheets from being short-circuited
  689. by wind blown metal foil (Air Force radar confusing chaff), heavy
  690. rain or concentrations of gasoline or kerosene fumes. If
  691. unshielded, fuel fumes could be electrostatically attracted to the
  692. hull sheets, burn and form carbon deposits across the insulating
  693. gaps between the sheets, causing a short-circuit. The space, the
  694. outer hull with a slight negative charge, would absorb hits from
  695. micro-meteorites and cosmic rays (protons moving at near the speed
  696. of light). Any danger of this type that doesn't already have a
  697. negative electric charge would get a negative charge in hitting the
  698. outer hull, and be repelled by the metal sheets before it could hit
  699. the inner hull. This wouldn't work well on a very big meteor, I
  700. might add.
  701.  
  702. The hull can be made in a variety of shapes; sphere, football,
  703. disc, or streamlined rectangle or triangle, as long as these metal
  704. sheets, "are of considerable area and arranged along ideal
  705. enveloping surfaces of very large radii of curvature," p. 85. "My
  706. Inventions" , by Nikola Tesla.
  707.  
  708. The power plant for this machine can be a nuclear fission or
  709. fusion reactor for long range and long-term use to run a steam
  710. engine which turns the generators. A short range machine can use a
  711. hydrogenoxygen fuel cell to run a low-voltage motor to turn the
  712. generators, occasionally recharging by hovering next to high voltage
  713. power lines and using antennas mounted on the outer hull to take in
  714. the electricity. The short-range machine can also have electricity
  715. beamed to it from a generating plan on a long-range aircraft /
  716. spacecraft or on the ground.
  717.  
  718. (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Nov. 24, 1987, Vol 109, No. 328,
  719. "The Forever Plane" by Geoffrey Rowan, p.D1, D7.)
  720.  
  721. ("Popular Science", Vol 232, No. 1, Jan. 1988, "Secret of Perpetual
  722. Flight? Beam Power Plane," by Arthur Fisher, p. 62-65, 106)
  723.  
  724. One standard for the generators is to have the same number of
  725. magnets as field coils. Tesla's preferred design was a thin disc
  726. holding 480 magnets with 480 field coils wired in series surrounding
  727. it in close tolerance. At 50 revolutions per minute, it produces
  728. 19,400 cycles per second.
  729.  
  730. The electricity is fed into a number of large capacitors, one
  731. for each metal sheet. An automatic switch, adjustable in timing by
  732. the pilot, closes, and as the electricity jumps across the switch,
  733. back and forth, it raises it's own frequency; a switch being used
  734. for each capacitor.
  735.  
  736. The electricity goes into a Tesla transformer; again, one
  737. transformer for each capacitor. In an oil tank to insulate the
  738. windings and for cooling, and supported internally by wood, or
  739. plastic, pipe and fittings, each Tesla transformer looks like a
  740. short wider pipe that is moved along a longer, narrower pipe by an
  741. insulated non-electric cable handle. The short pipe, the primary,
  742. is 6 to 10 windings (loops) of wire connected in series to the long
  743. pipe. The secondary is 460 to 600 windings, at the low voltage and
  744. frequency end.
  745.  
  746. The insulated non-electric cable handle is used through a set
  747.  
  748. Page 2
  749.  
  750.  
  751.  
  752.  
  753.  
  754. of automatic controls to move the primary coil to various places on
  755. the secondary coil. This is the frequency control. The secondary
  756. coil has a low frequency and voltage end and a maximum voltage and
  757. frequency end. The greater the frequency the electricity, the more
  758. it pushes against the earth's electrostatic and electromagnetic
  759. fields.
  760.  
  761. The electricity comes out of the transformer at the high
  762. voltage end and goes by wire through the ceramic hull to the wide
  763. end of the metal sheet. The electricity jumps out on and flows over
  764. the metal sheet, giving off a very strong electromagnetic field,
  765. controlled by the transformer. At the narrow end of the metal
  766. sheet, most of the high-voltage push having been given off, the
  767. electricity goes back by wire through the hull to a circuit breaker
  768. box (emergency shut off), then to the other side of the generators.
  769.  
  770. In bright sunlight, the aircraft / spacecraft may seem
  771. surrounded by hot air, a slight magnetic distortion of the light.
  772. In semi-darkness and night, the metal sheets glow, even through the
  773. thin ceramic outer hull, with different colors. The visible light
  774. is a by-product of the electricity flowing over the metal sheets,
  775. according to the frequencies used.
  776.  
  777. Descending, landing or just starting to lift from the ground,
  778. the transformer primaries are near the secondary weak ends and
  779. therefore, the bottom set of sheets glow a misty red. Red may also
  780. appear at the front of the machine when it is moving forward fast,
  781. lessening resistance up front. Orange appears for slow speed.
  782. Orange-yellow are for airplane-type speeds. Green and blue are for
  783. higher speeds. With a capacitor addition, making it oversized for
  784. the circuit, the blue becomes bright white, like a searchlight, with
  785. possible risk of damaging the metal sheets involved. The highest
  786. visible frequency is violet, like Tesla's stage demonstrations, used
  787. for the highest speed along with the bright white. The colors are
  788. nearly coherent, of a single frequency, like a laser.
  789.  
  790. A machine built with a set of super conducting magnets would
  791. simplify and reduce electricity needs from a vehicle's transformer
  792. circuits to the point of flying along efficiently and hovering with
  793. little electricity.
  794.  
  795. When Tesla was developing arc lights to run on alternating
  796. current, there was a bothersome high-pitched whine, whistle, or
  797. buzz, due to the electrodes rapidly heating and cooling. Tesla put
  798. this noise in the ultrasonic range with the special transformer
  799. already mentioned. The aircraft / spacecraft gives off such noises
  800. when working at low frequencies.
  801.  
  802. Timing is important in the operation of this machine. For
  803. every 3 metal sheets, when the middle one is briefly turned off, the
  804. sheet on either side is energized, giving off the magnetic field.
  805. The next instant, the middle sheet is energized, while the sheet on
  806. either side is briefly turned off. There is a time delay in the
  807. capacitors recharging themselves, so at any time, half of all the
  808. metal sheets are energized and the other half are recharging,
  809. alternating all around the inner hull. This balances the machine,
  810. giving it very good stability. This balance is less when fewer of
  811. the circuits are in use.
  812.  
  813.  
  814. Page 3
  815.  
  816.  
  817.  
  818.  
  819.  
  820. Fairly close, the aircraft / spacecraft produces heating of
  821. persons and objects on the ground; but by hovering over an area at
  822. low altitude for maybe 5 or 10 minutes, the machine also produces a
  823. column of very cold air down to the ground. As air molecules get
  824. into the strong magnetic fields that the machine is transmitting
  825. out, the air molecules become polarized and from lines, or strings,
  826. of air molecules. The normal movement of the air is stopped, and
  827. there is suddenly a lot more room for air molecules in this area, so
  828. more air pours in. This expansion and the lack of normal air motion
  829. make the area intensely cold.
  830.  
  831. This is also the reason that the aircraft / spacecraft can fly
  832. at supersonic speeds without making sonic booms. As air flows over
  833. the hull, top and bottom, the air molecules form lines as they go
  834. through the magnetic fields of the metal sheet circuits. As the air
  835. molecules are left behind, they keep their line arrangements for a
  836. short time,long enough to cancel out the sonic boom shock waves.
  837.  
  838. Outside the earth's magnetic field, another propulsion system
  839. must be used, which relies on the first. You may have read of
  840. particle accelerators, or cyclotrons, or atom smashers. A particle
  841. accelerator is a circular loop of pipe that, in cross-section, is
  842. oval. In a physics laboratory, most of the air in it is pumped out.
  843. The pipe loop is given a static electric charge, a small amount of
  844. hydrogen or other gas is given the same electric charge so the
  845. particles won't stick to the pipe. A set of electromagnets all
  846. around the pipe loop turn on and off, one after the other, pushing
  847. with one magnetic pole and pulling with the next, until those gas
  848. particles are racing around the pipe loop at nearly the speed of
  849. light. Centrifugal force makes the particles speed closer to the
  850. outside edge of the pipe loop, still within the pipe. The particles
  851. break down into electrons, or light and other wavelengths, protons
  852. or cosmic rays, and neutrons if more than hydrogen is put in the
  853. accelerator.
  854.  
  855. At least 2 particle accelerators are used to balance each other
  856. and counter each other's tendency to make the craft spin.
  857. Otherwise, the machine would tend to want to start spinning,
  858. following the direction of the force being applied to the particles.
  859. The accelerators push in opposite directions.
  860.  
  861. As the pilot and crew travel in space, outside the magnetic
  862. field of a world, water from a tank is electrically separated into
  863. oxygen and hydrogen. Waste carbon dioxide that isn't used for the
  864. onboard garden, and hydrogen (helium if the machine is using a
  865. fusion reactor) is slowly, constantly fed into the inside curves of
  866. both accelerators.
  867.  
  868. The high speed particles go out through straight lengths of
  869. pipe, charged like the loops and in speeding out into space, push
  870. the machine along. Doors control which pips the particles leave
  871. from. This allows very long range acceleration and later
  872. deceleration at normal (earth) gravity. This avoids the severe
  873. problems of weightlessness, including lowered physical abilities of
  874. the crew.
  875.  
  876. It is possible to use straight-line particle accelerators, even
  877. as few as one per machine, but these don't seem as able to get the
  878. best machine speed for the least amount of particles pushed out.
  879.  
  880. Page 4
  881.  
  882.  
  883.  
  884.  
  885.  
  886. Using a constant acceleration of 32.2 feet per second per
  887. second provides earth normal gravity in deep space and only 2
  888. gravities of stress in leaving the earth's gravity field. It takes,
  889. not counting air resistance, 18 minutes, 58.9521636 seconds to reach
  890. the 25,000 miles per hour speed to leave the earth's gravity field.
  891. It takes about 354 days, 12 hours, 53 minutes and 40 seconds (about)
  892. to reach the speed of light - 672,487,072.7 miles per hour. It
  893. takes the same distance to decelerate as it does to speed up, but
  894. this cuts down the time delay that one would have in conventional
  895. chemical rocketry enormously, for a long journey.
  896.  
  897. A set of superconducting magnets can be charged by metal sheet
  898. circuits, within limits, to whatever frequency is needed and will
  899. continue to transmit that magnetic field frequency almost
  900. indefinitely.
  901.  
  902. A shortwave radio can be used to find the exact frequencies
  903. that an aircraft / spacecraft is using, for each of the colors it
  904. may show whole a color television can show the same overall color
  905. frequency that the nearby, but not extremely close, craft is using
  906. This is limited, as a machine traveling at the speed of a jet
  907. airliner may broadcast in a frequency range usually used for radar
  908. sets.
  909.  
  910. The craft circuits override lower frequency, lower voltage
  911. electric circuits within and near their electromagnetic fields. One
  912. source briefly mentioned a 1941 incident, where a shortwave radio
  913. was used to override automobile ignition systems, up to 3 miles
  914. away. When the shortwave radio was turned off, the cars could work
  915. again. How many UFO encounters have been reported in which
  916. automobile ignition systems have suddenly stopped?
  917.  
  918. I figure that things would not be at all pleasant for drivers
  919. of modern cars with computer controlled engine and ignition systems.
  920. Computer circuitry is sensitive to small changes in voltage and a
  921. temporary wrong-way voltage surge may wipe the computer memory out.
  922. It could mean that a number of drivers would suddenly be stranded
  923. with their cars not working should such a craft fly low over a busy
  924. highway. Only diesel engines, already warmed up, and Stanley
  925. Steamer type steam engine cares are able to continue working in a
  926. strong electromagnetic field. In May, 1988, it was reported that
  927. the U.S. Army had lost 5 Blackhawk helicopters and 22 crewmen in
  928. crashes caused by ordinary commercial radio broadcasting overriding
  929. the computer control circuits of those helicopters. Certainly,
  930. computer circuits for for this aircraft / spacecraft can and must be
  931. designed to overcome this weakness.
  932.  
  933. One construction arrangement for this craft to avoid such
  934. interference is for the metal sheet circuits to be more sharply
  935. tuned. Quartz or other crystals can be used in capacitors; in a
  936. very large number of low-powered, single frequency circuits, or as
  937. part of a frequency control for the metal sheet circuits.
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