2015-11-23 Core: 8 speculation abt. present

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: Write a description of your hometown (in your country), using the ideas and model on p. 89.
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One of the [superlative] [noun]s…
One of the first universities in Europe
One of the best schools in the country
One of the most interesting people I know
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http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
http://www.wordandphrase.info/analyzeText.asp - type words or sentences on the left side and click “search”, then click on the word you’re interested in the box to the right. You will see many examples of the word used in different sentences.
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A man and his wife drove very quickly through the streets. They stopped, and the husband got out of the car. When he came back, his wife was dead, and there was a stranger in the car.
What could have happened? (Ask yes/no questions to figure it out.)

Two boys were born in the same hour of the same day (day, month, and year) to the same mother, but they were not twins.
What could have happened? (In groups of three, think of some possible explanations for what might be the explanation.)
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fraternal twins - born together but may look different (2 fertilizations, 2 placentas)
identical twins - born together and look the same (1 fertilization, 1 placenta)
conjoined twins - born together and physically connected together (they are always identical twins)
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Latin number forms:
twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets, sextuplets, septuplets, octuplets, nonuplets
octave
double, triple/treble, quadruple
September, October, November, December

Greek number forms:
mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-
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p. 94 - What do you think the pictures are?
part 2 - Complete the sentences with the words in the box, and guess which picture each word will be used to describe.
1 Nitrogen, oxygen, atmosphere
2 flies, butterflies, insects
3 Radiation (EM or electromagnetic radiation)
4 Ants, beetles
5 stem (if it’s a tree, the main vertical part is the trunk)
6 Particles
7 Predators, species (“species” is both singular and plural)
8 spikes (thorns and needles are other sharp, pointy parts of certain plants)
Pine trees have (pine) needles and pinecones.
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BREAK
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p. 94 part 4 - listen and decide if the sentences are true or false
Listen again and then explain what the last two pictures are.
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p. 95 - Modals for speculation and logical inference / deduction (about the present and future)
You think they can’t be natural. = You think it’s impossible that they are natural.
They must be man-made. = The only believable explanation is that they are man-made.
This might be a painting or a work of art. = This is a possible explanation.
It may not seem logical. = It’s possible that it doesn’t seem logical.
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She may/might/could be sick today. = This is a possible explanation (for why she isn’t in class).
She may/might not be feeling well. = This is a possible explanation (that she’s not feeling well).

She can’t/couldn’t be sick. = I think this is impossible (for example I just saw her at the beach).

She must be sick. = This is the only believable explanation (because she never misses class otherwise). I would be surprised if this is incorrect.
She must not feel well. = This is the only believable explanation. I would be surprised if she did feel well.
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You got 100% on the test. You must study very hard. = I’m guessing that you study very hard. This is the explanation for your good score.

If you want 100% on the test, you must study very hard. = You need to study very hard to get 100%.
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He can’t be here. He only left home 5 minutes ago. = I think it’s impossible for him to be here.

He can’t be here. This is a restricted area. = He is not permitted to be here. He needs to leave.
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p. 95 part 8 - circle the word (or both words) that are correct to complete the paragraph
1 must be
2 might recognize / could recognize
3 could use / may use
4 could mean
5 can’t be
Learning a language is instinct.
Learning French is not an instinct.
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Contrastive stress: stressing one word to emphasize that it is different from another sentence or from what someone did.

I asked for two burgers. = I got one or three, and I’m reminding you of the number in my order.

I asked for two burgers. = I got something different (not burgers), and I’m reminding you of the food in my order.
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p. 95 part 9 - uses of the word “look” (The same differences exist with other sense words, “smell”, “taste”, etc.)

The sky looks as though it’s on fire. ([verb] as though [sentence])
The sky looks green. ([linking verb] + [adjective])
The shiny drops look like water. ([verb] like [noun] = [verb] similar to [noun])
(Informally we also use [verb] like [sentence], instead of “as though”)

Look carefully. (This is the action verb “look”, which describes something you do with your eyes.)
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linking verbs: be, become (get), seem, look, feel, smell, taste, sound
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Homework: p. 166 practice 1
(Also cook or buy some food to bring to the potluck tomorrow.)