Patrilocality in Ancient DNA

Unfortunately, this is probably untrue. Patrilocality, if not universal, definitely seems the most common practice in the Neolithic, well preceding migrations of steppe herding people into Europe. The following are all pre-steppe herder:

England in the early Neolithic https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB46958: "To explore kinship practices at chambered tombs in Early Neolithic Britain, we combined archaeological and genetic analyses of 35 individuals who lived about 5,700 years ago and were entombed at Hazleton North long cairn. Twenty-seven are part of the first extended pedigree reconstructed from ancient DNA, a five-generation family whose many interrelationships provide statistical power to document kinship practices that were invisible without direct genetic data. Patrilineal descent was key in determining who was buried in the tomb, as all 15 inter-generational transmissions were through men. The presence of women who had reproduced with lineage men and the absence of adult lineage daughters suggests virilocal burial and female exogamy. We demonstrate that one male progenitor reproduced with four women: the descendants of two of those women were buried in the same half of the tomb over all generations. This suggests that maternal sub-lineages were grouped into branches whose distinctiveness was recognized during the tomb’s construction. Four males descended from non-lineage fathers and mothers who also reproduced with lineage males, suggesting that some men adopted their reproductive partners’ children by other males into their patriline. Eight individuals were not close biological relatives of the main lineage, raising the possibility that kinship also encompassed social bonds independent of biological relatedness."

England and Ireland in the Late Neolithic: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2021.1942205 - "Using megalithic genomes, Sánchez-Quinto et al. (2019) and Cassidy et al. (2020) have discovered a patrilineal-like use of these tombs that suggests that kindred societies composed the northern megalithic complex (from Britain and Ireland)."

Poland in the Late Neolithic: https://www.pnas.org/content/116/22/10705 - "The presence of unrelated females and related males in the grave is interesting because it suggests that the community at (Globular Amphora in Poland) Koszyce was organized along patrilineal lines of descent, adding to the mounting evidence that this was the dominant form of social organization among Late Neolithic communities in Central Europe ... (T)he high diversity of mtDNA lineages, combined with the presence of only a single Y chromosome lineage, is certainly consistent with a patrilocal residence system."

France in the Middle Neolithic: https://submissions.e-a-a.org/eaa2021/repository/preview.php?Abstract=3000 - "The elucidation of kinship structure in past societies has been at the center of intra-group studies in archaeology and anthropology. However, the reconstruction of genetic relatedness in archaeological contexts has rarely been feasible. With the development of ancient DNA methods, it is now possible to obtain genome-wide data for multiple individuals from a single group, even in the presence of poor DNA preservation. Here, we present new data from the Middle Neolithic French site of Gurgy “les Noisats”. Thanks to an extensive sampling and use of the 1240K capture array, we obtained genomic data for 94 out of 128 individuals. We reconstructed two large pedigrees, one of them spanning seven generations and connecting 62 individuals. These unprecedently large genealogies allowed us to look beyond the immediate genetic relatedness, and to explore the potential social structure of the group, its size, and its funerary and mobility practices. We observed a strong patrilocal and patrilineal system with a single male lineage for the main family. The group practiced female exogamy, as no adult daughters were buried at the site (except for three females), and all mothers in the pedigree (except one) came from genetically-unrelated external groups, suggesting a wide regional network."

Italy in the Chalcolithic: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(21)00535-2# - "The importance of male kinship structures in the interface between the Chalcolithic and BA has also been explored using our autosomal data. It has long been assumed that the commingled cave burials of the Chalcolithic included some form of kinship structure; however, it was not possible to directly reveal it before the advent of aDNA. Here, we see the pattern that, in the Chalcolithic period, these locations were preferentially used to bury closely related male individuals, though the social significance of this fact is not clear. Although the Chalcolithic populations of Italy utilized natural burial chamber spaces, rock-cut tombs, and trench graves more than building megalithic monuments of the kind seen along the Atlantic Façade in an earlier time period, it appears that the importance of burying related males together is a shared feature. The genetic evidence shown here is consistent with an emphasis on patrilineal descendancy and patrilocality for these burial rites to the populations at both La Sassa and Broion, an emphasis that disappears in the BA but is also not present at the single-burial style Chalcolithic cemetery of Gattolino (possibly due to small sample size). "

Germany in the earliest Neolithic: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278416520300568 - "Many ideas about post-marital residence rules in the society of the first farmers in the European temperate zone (Linear Pottery Culture, ca. 5500–4900 cal BC) have been proposed. The prevailing hypothesis is patrilocality and community exogamy, based on strontium isotope, modern DNA, ancient DNA, linguistic and anthropological evidence." (The dna evidence includes - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389623/ - "(O)ur results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.")

Dispersing male behaviour is just generally less common among humans than dispersing females.

Even Neanderthals were patrilocal - https://www.pnas.org/content/108/1/250 from 2011 - "Genetic evidence for patrilocal mating behavior among Neandertal groups" and confirmation with recent ancient dna from 2021 - https://www.science.org/news/2021/06/ancient-genomes-offer-rare-glimpse-neanderthal-family-groups - ""It's really remarkable that they managed to get genomes from seven males at one site," says paleogeneticist Cosimo Posth at Tübingen University. "For this group in this cave, it is indeed suggestive that they lived in small groups of closely related males.""

Length of response partly due to it being a pet hate of mine that (although this may not describe you, Jurgen) lots of people still seem to have a second-hand Marija Gimbutas's ideas of gynocentric, matrilocal, egalitarian early European farmers with a social system which was replaced by a virocentric, patrilocal, sex unequal "Kurgan" culture. There's no evidence that this was the case, from what we see in burials and dna, where societies retain a bias towards dispersing females, probably because male territorialism goes way back in our species... The idea of a matrilocal or matrilineal social system in neolithic Europe is a stubborn meme that refuses to die, it seems because people just like the idea that there was a dramatic "Patriarchal revolution" in the early Bronze Age (or "Age of Heroes"), even though there's little to no evidence for it!

(Also: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725410/ - "Tracing mobility patterns through the 6th-5th millennia BC in the Carpathian Basin with strontium and oxygen stable isotope analyses"

https://isba9.sciencesconf.org/data/pages/Abstract_Book_ISBA9_2022.pdf - page 26 - "Danubians: A local complex history towards Neolithisation " - "We observed striking differences between  the two main sites: At Lepenski-Vir, we found multiple pulses of introgression of  Aegean farmers into the Mesolithic community, including individuals of both pure Aegean ancestry and of recently admixed origin that adopted a fisher-hunter-gatherer diet. In contrast, no inclusion of immigrating farmers was observed at Vlasac. Benefiting from our probabilistic framework, we also explicitly contrasted the genetic diversity between the X and autosomes as well as between functional classes on the  autosomes. These results are consistent with an elevated population size and stronger patrilocality of Neolithic farming communities and showcase the possibility to  quantify behavioural processes in past societies."
Switzerland : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15560-x - "In these multiple burials, only a few female individuals (four individuals) were buried together with one of their parents or their sons, compared with a higher number (21 individuals) of males buried with their father, brothers or sons, indicating that males likely tended to stay where they were born, while females were likely mobile. This pattern is observed both before and after the arrival of the YAM-related ancestry and is indicative of patrilocal societies during Late Neolithic times in the studied region, consistent with previous results from Neolithic times throughout Northern and Western Europe"

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431423v1 - Africa - "In line with this, although the population size at Kulubnarti is assumed to be small based on the site’s location in the Batn el Hajar, analysis of ROH points to limited population-level relatedness and a relatively large mating pool at Kulubnarti, implying connections with a broader population. It is possible that these connections are primarily female-mediated, and that Kulubnarti was a patrilineal and patrilocal society that followed a system of patrilineal primogeniture. While this is speculative, additional ancient DNA data interpreted within an archeological framework from other parts of Nubia will benefit this discussion in the future.")