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Session NETWORK TERMINOLOGIES

Mukezh
Nov 29th, 2018
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  1. NETWORK TERMINOLOGIES III
  2. =====================================
  3.  
  4. PORTS
  5. ======
  6.  
  7. A port is an endpoint of communication in an operating system. In the computer networking system a computer or a program connects and run the services on the Internet via a port. They are the gateways through which we access any service of any system.
  8.  
  9. THere are 2 TYpes of Ports Basically-
  10.  
  11. 1. Hardware or Physical Ports - The ports which helps to connect the hardware components to our computer.These are the ports which are tangible and we can see and use the into a particular system. For eg. USB Port, HDMI, VGA Port.
  12.  
  13. 2. Virtual or Logical Ports - These are those ports which are not tangible and used to run a service in a Computer Networking System. For every service or protocol there is a unique port number assigned to it which helps in processing it. SO these are the ports which are virtually located in a system or a machine to access some services of the system but is not visible and virtually located.
  14.  
  15. There are a total of 65,535 Ports in a particular system.
  16.  
  17. Categories of Virtual and Logical Ports
  18. =========================================
  19.  
  20. 1. Well KNown and Pre-defined Ports - THese are those which are used for all the well knowned Services like which are used all over the globe.
  21.  
  22.  
  23. Eg. - HTTP - Hyper Text TRansfer Protocol - 80
  24. HTTPS - HTTP SEcure Socket Layer - 443
  25. SMTP - Simple Mail TRansfer Protocol - 25
  26. Post Office Protocol v3 - 110
  27. FTP - File TRansfer Protocol - 21
  28. RANGE : 0 - 1023
  29.  
  30.  
  31. 2. Registered Ports - THese ports are those which are basically used by software organizations to run there services.
  32. For eg . Mysql - 3306
  33. Team Viewer - 1609
  34.  
  35. RANGE : 1024 - 49,151
  36.  
  37. 3. Dynamic or Standalone Ports - THese ports are those which are used by anyone for there personal purposes.
  38. For eg . 48,897
  39.  
  40. RANGE : 41,952 - 65,535
  41.  
  42. Range Of Ports
  43. ===============
  44.  
  45. WEll KNown Ports - 0-1023
  46. Registered Ports - 1024 - 49,151
  47. Dynamic Ports - 49,152-65,535
  48.  
  49. -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  50.  
  51. DNS
  52. ====
  53.  
  54. THE COMPUTER ONLY UNDERSTANDS THE LANGUAGE OF NUMBERS.
  55. CHROME - "WWW.FACEBOOK.COM"
  56. Language - Binaries - 0&1
  57.  
  58. Domain Name System is a Technology which converts a Domain Name into IP Address or a Number and Vice Versa.
  59. Because it is difficult to learn a IP Address for a website for a layman. for eg. learning "247.116.25.195" for "www.google.com" .
  60.  
  61. "Ping" - "ping www.google.com"
  62.  
  63. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZUxoi7YNgs
  64.  
  65. -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  66. Introduction to Networks
  67. ------------------------
  68.  
  69. Network: Interconnetion of two or more devices with each other for a common purpose i.e sharing which can be peripheral devices or can either be any information.
  70. Types:
  71. Intranet
  72. Internet
  73.  
  74.  
  75.  
  76.  
  77. How you get connected to the network ?
  78. NIC (Network Interface Card)
  79.  
  80. Network Topologies (Arrangement)
  81. --------------------
  82. o Bus Topology : single transmission channel
  83. o Star Topology : one central node
  84. o Ring Topology : Forming a ring sturcture with no central dependency
  85. o Mesh Topology : Every node is connected to every other node present in a network
  86. o Hybrid Topology : Mixture of the above topologies.
  87.  
  88.  
  89. ● Network Protocols (Network me kadam rakhne ke liye kch rules follow krne hote ha unko network protocol kehte hai): To implement smooth transfer of data to anfd fro the network one needs to follow these protocols.
  90. -----------------------
  91. o IP : The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet.
  92.  
  93. o HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol ) : Protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, it is the foundation of any data exchange in WWW (80).
  94.  
  95.  
  96.  
  97.  
  98.  
  99. o FTP: To transfer files over the network.
  100. (In intranet accessed ftp://ip ) [21]
  101.  
  102. o SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer protocol): To transfer mail properly 25,366
  103.  
  104. o VoIP : Voice over Internet Protocol is a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP (5060 and 5061)
  105.  
  106.  
  107. o DHCP : Automatic assignment of IP
  108. (dynamic host configuration protocol)
  109.  
  110. o TCP : handshaking , connection-oriented, reliable, slow
  111. Transmission control Protocol: examples:
  112.  
  113.  
  114. o UDP (USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL): no hanshake, connection less, not reliable, fast, video streamng
  115.  
  116. ipconfig
  117.  
  118. There are two types of address :
  119. Virtual address : your IP address which might change fromm place to place
  120. physical address : Which will remain constant throughout like your MAC address.
  121.  
  122.  
  123.  
  124. o Types of IP
  125. ▪ Internal | Private | Local
  126. --> ipconfig
  127. --> ifconfig
  128. ▪ External | Public | Global
  129. --> myipaddress
  130. --> ipcow.com
  131. --> ipchicken.com
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