#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define all(x) begin(x),end(x)
#define PROBLEM_TYPE 0

using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

enum {
    INTERACTIVE = 0,
    BINARY_FORMAT = 1,
    TEXT_FORMAT = 2
};

#if PROBLEM_TYPE == 1
class BinaryIO {
private:
    template<typename T = int>
    int readIntInBigEndian(const char *buff, int sizeOf = 4) {
        unsigned long long ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < sizeOf; i++) {
            ans = (ans << 8) ^ uint8_t(buff[i]);
        }
        return static_cast<T>(ans);
    }

    template<typename T = int>
    int readIntInLittleEndian(const char *buff, int sizeOf = 4) {
        unsigned long long ans = 0;
        for (int i = sizeOf - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            ans = (ans << 8) ^ uint8_t(buff[i]);
        }
        return static_cast<T>(ans);
    }

    template<typename T = int>
    T readInteger() {
        constexpr int sizeOf = sizeof(T);
        char buff[sizeOf];
        in.read(buff, sizeOf);

        if (type == UNDEF) {
            if (abs(readIntInBigEndian<T>(buff, sizeOf)) < abs(readIntInLittleEndian<T>(buff, sizeOf))) {
                type = BIG_ENDIAN;
            } else {
                type = LITTLE_ENDIAN;
            }
        }
        if (type == BIG_ENDIAN) {
            return readIntInBigEndian<T>(buff, sizeOf);
        } else {
            return readIntInLittleEndian<T>(buff, sizeOf);
        }

    }

    template<typename T = int>
    void printInteger(T val) {
        constexpr int sizeOf = sizeof(T);
        char buff[sizeOf];
        if (type == UNDEF) {
            type = BIG_ENDIAN;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < sizeOf; i++) {
            switch (type) {
                case BIG_ENDIAN: {
                    buff[sizeOf - 1 - i] = char(val & 255);
                    break;
                }
                case LITTLE_ENDIAN: {
                    buff[i] = char(val & 255);
                    break;
                }
                default: {
                    throw exception();
                }
            }

            val >>= 8;
        }
        out.write(buff, sizeOf);
    }

    enum {
        BIG_ENDIAN,
        LITTLE_ENDIAN,
        UNDEF
    };


    ofstream &out;
    ifstream &in;
    int type = UNDEF;
public:

    BinaryIO(ifstream &in, ofstream &out)
            : in(in), out(out) {}

    ~BinaryIO() {
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

    template<typename T>
    BinaryIO &operator<<(vector<T> &values) {
        for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
            printInteger<T>(values[i]);
            if (i + 1 < values.size()) {
                printInteger<char>(' ');
            }
        }
        return *this;
    }

    template<typename T>
    BinaryIO &operator<<(T&(*x)()) {
        return *this;
    }

    template<typename T>
    BinaryIO &operator<<(T x) {
        printInteger<T>(x);
        return *this;
    }

    template<typename T>
    BinaryIO &operator>>(T &x) {
        x = readInteger<T>();
        return *this;
    }

    BinaryIO &endl() {
        *this << '\n';
        out.flush();
        return *this;
    }


};

BinaryIO &operator<<(BinaryIO &binaryIO, [[maybe_unused]] std::ostream &(*unusedFunction)(std::ostream &)) {
    return binaryIO.endl();
}
#endif

template<typename TStreamType, typename TValueType>
TStreamType &operator<<(TStreamType &stream, std::vector<TValueType> &values) {
    for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
        stream << values[i];
        if (i + 1 < values.size()) {
            stream << ' ';
        }
    }
    return stream;
}

template<typename InStream, typename OutStream>
class Solver {
private:
    InStream &in;
    OutStream &out;
public:
    Solver(InStream &inStream, OutStream &outStream)
            : in(inStream), out(outStream) {
        solve();
    }

    void solve();
};

int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    switch (PROBLEM_TYPE) {
        case INTERACTIVE: {
            cin.tie(nullptr);
            cout.tie(nullptr);
            Solver<basic_istream<char>, basic_ostream<char>>(cin, cout);
            break;
        }
#if PROBLEM_TYPE == 1
            case BINARY_FORMAT: {
                ifstream in("input.bin", ios::binary);
                ofstream out("output.bin", ios::binary);
                in.tie(nullptr);
                out.tie(nullptr);
                BinaryIO binaryIO(in, out);
                Solver<BinaryIO, BinaryIO>(binaryIO, binaryIO);
                in.close();
                out.close();
                break;
            }
#endif
        case TEXT_FORMAT: {
            ifstream in("input.txt");
            ofstream out("output.txt");
            in.tie(nullptr);
            out.tie(nullptr);
            Solver<ifstream, ofstream>(in, out);
            in.close();
            out.close();
            break;
        }
        default: {
            throw bad_exception();
        }
    }
}



template<typename InStream, typename OutStream>
void Solver<InStream, OutStream>::solve() {

}