using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

class AesDemo {

    const int HASH_SIZE = 32; //SHA256

    /// <summary>Performs encryption with random IV (prepended to output), and includes hash of plaintext for verification.</summary>
    public static byte[] Encrypt(string password, byte[] passwordSalt, byte[] plainText) {
        // Construct message with hash
        var msg = new byte[HASH_SIZE + plainText.Length];
        var hash = computeHash(plainText, 0, plainText.Length);
        Buffer.BlockCopy(hash, 0, msg, 0, HASH_SIZE);
        Buffer.BlockCopy(plainText, 0, msg, HASH_SIZE, plainText.Length);

        // Encrypt
        using (var aes = createAes(password, passwordSalt)) {
            aes.GenerateIV();
            using (var enc = aes.CreateEncryptor()) {

                var encBytes = enc.TransformFinalBlock(msg, 0, msg.Length);
                // Prepend IV to result
                var res = new byte[aes.IV.Length + encBytes.Length];
                Buffer.BlockCopy(aes.IV, 0, res, 0, aes.IV.Length);
                Buffer.BlockCopy(encBytes, 0, res, aes.IV.Length, encBytes.Length);
                return res;
            }
        }
    }

    public static byte[] Decrypt(string password, byte[] passwordSalt, byte[] cipherText) {
        using (var aes = createAes(password, passwordSalt)) {
            var iv = new byte[aes.IV.Length];
            Buffer.BlockCopy(cipherText, 0, iv, 0, iv.Length);
            aes.IV = iv; // Probably could copy right to the byte array, but that's not guaranteed

            using (var dec = aes.CreateDecryptor()) {
                var decBytes = dec.TransformFinalBlock(cipherText, iv.Length, cipherText.Length - iv.Length);

                // Verify hash
                var hash = computeHash(decBytes, HASH_SIZE, decBytes.Length - HASH_SIZE);
                var existingHash = new byte[HASH_SIZE];
                Buffer.BlockCopy(decBytes, 0, existingHash, 0, HASH_SIZE);
                if (!compareBytes(existingHash, hash)){
                    throw new CryptographicException("Message hash incorrect.");
                }

                // Hash is valid, we're done
                var res = new byte[decBytes.Length - HASH_SIZE];
                Buffer.BlockCopy(decBytes, HASH_SIZE, res, 0, res.Length);
                return res;
            }
        }
    }

    static bool compareBytes(byte[] a1, byte[] a2) {
        if (a1.Length != a2.Length) return false;
        for (int i = 0; i < a1.Length; i++) {
            if (a1[i] != a2[i]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    static Aes createAes(string password, byte[] salt) {
        // Salt may not be needed if password is safe
        if (password.Length < 8) throw new ArgumentException("Password must be at least 8 characters.", "password");
        if (salt.Length < 8) throw new ArgumentException("Salt must be at least 8 bytes.", "salt");
        var pdb = new PasswordDeriveBytes(password, salt, "SHA512", 129);
        var key = pdb.GetBytes(16);

        var aes = Aes.Create();
        aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
        aes.Key = pdb.GetBytes(aes.KeySize / 8);
        return aes;
    }

    static byte[] computeHash(byte[] data, int offset, int count) {
        using (var sha = SHA256.Create()) {
            return sha.ComputeHash(data, offset, count);
        }
    }

    public static void Main() {
        var password = "1234567890!";
        var salt = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 };
        var ct1 = Encrypt(password, salt, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Alice; Bob; Eve;: PerformAct1"));
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBase64String(ct1));
        var ct2 = Encrypt(password, salt, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Alice; Bob; Eve;: PerformAct2"));
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBase64String(ct2));

        var pt1 = Decrypt(password, salt, ct1);
        Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(pt1));
        var pt2 = Decrypt(password, salt, ct2);
        Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(pt2));

        // Now check tampering
        try {
            ct1[30]++;
            Decrypt(password, salt, ct1);
            Console.WriteLine("Error: tamper detection failed.");
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            Console.WriteLine("Success: tampering detected.");
            Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }
    }
}

public static void Main() {
    var buff = new byte[8];
    new Random().NextBytes(buff);
    var v = BitConverter.ToUInt64(buff, 0);
    Console.WriteLine("Value: " + v.ToString());
    Console.WriteLine("Value (bytes): " + BitConverter.ToString(BitConverter.GetBytes(v)));
    var aes = Aes.Create();
    aes.GenerateIV();
    aes.GenerateKey();
    var encBytes = aes.CreateEncryptor().TransformFinalBlock(BitConverter.GetBytes(v), 0, 8);
    Console.WriteLine("Encrypted: " + BitConverter.ToString(encBytes));
    var dec = aes.CreateDecryptor();
    Console.WriteLine("Decrypted: " + BitConverter.ToUInt64(dec.TransformFinalBlock(encBytes, 0, encBytes.Length), 0));
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        for (int x = 0; x < 250; x++) {
            encBytes[i]++;
            try {
                Console.WriteLine("Attacked: " + BitConverter.ToUInt64(dec.TransformFinalBlock(encBytes, 0, encBytes.Length), 0));
                return;
            } catch { }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.IO;


public class SimpleAES
{
    // Change these keys
    private byte[] Key = { 123, 217, 19, 11, 24, 26, 85, 45, 114, 184, 27, 162, 37, 112, 222, 209, 241, 24, 175, 144, 173, 53, 196, 29, 24, 26, 17, 218, 131, 236, 53, 209 };
    private byte[] Vector = { 146, 64, 191, 111, 23, 3, 113, 119, 231, 121, 2521, 112, 79, 32, 114, 156 };


    private ICryptoTransform EncryptorTransform, DecryptorTransform;
    private System.Text.UTF8Encoding UTFEncoder;

    public SimpleAES()
    {
        //This is our encryption method
        RijndaelManaged rm = new RijndaelManaged();

        //Create an encryptor and a decryptor using our encryption method, key, and vector.
        EncryptorTransform = rm.CreateEncryptor(this.Key, this.Vector);
        DecryptorTransform = rm.CreateDecryptor(this.Key, this.Vector);

        //Used to translate bytes to text and vice versa
        UTFEncoder = new System.Text.UTF8Encoding();
    }

    /// -------------- Two Utility Methods (not used but may be useful) -----------
    /// Generates an encryption key.
    static public byte[] GenerateEncryptionKey()
    {
        //Generate a Key.
        RijndaelManaged rm = new RijndaelManaged();
        rm.GenerateKey();
        return rm.Key;
    }

    /// Generates a unique encryption vector
    static public byte[] GenerateEncryptionVector()
    {
        //Generate a Vector
        RijndaelManaged rm = new RijndaelManaged();
        rm.GenerateIV();
        return rm.IV;
    }


    /// ----------- The commonly used methods ------------------------------
    /// Encrypt some text and return a string suitable for passing in a URL.
    public string EncryptToString(string TextValue)
    {
        return ByteArrToString(Encrypt(TextValue));
    }

    /// Encrypt some text and return an encrypted byte array.
    public byte[] Encrypt(string TextValue)
    {
        //Translates our text value into a byte array.
        Byte[] bytes = UTFEncoder.GetBytes(TextValue);

        //Used to stream the data in and out of the CryptoStream.
        MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();

        /*
         * We will have to write the unencrypted bytes to the stream,
         * then read the encrypted result back from the stream.
         */
        #region Write the decrypted value to the encryption stream
        CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, EncryptorTransform, CryptoStreamMode.Write);
        cs.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        cs.FlushFinalBlock();
        #endregion

        #region Read encrypted value back out of the stream
        memoryStream.Position = 0;
        byte[] encrypted = new byte[memoryStream.Length];
        memoryStream.Read(encrypted, 0, encrypted.Length);
        #endregion

        //Clean up.
        cs.Close();
        memoryStream.Close();

        return encrypted;
    }

    /// The other side: Decryption methods
    public string DecryptString(string EncryptedString)
    {
        return Decrypt(StrToByteArray(EncryptedString));
    }

    /// Decryption when working with byte arrays.
    public string Decrypt(byte[] EncryptedValue)
    {
        #region Write the encrypted value to the decryption stream
        MemoryStream encryptedStream = new MemoryStream();
        CryptoStream decryptStream = new CryptoStream(encryptedStream, DecryptorTransform, CryptoStreamMode.Write);
        decryptStream.Write(EncryptedValue, 0, EncryptedValue.Length);
        decryptStream.FlushFinalBlock();
        #endregion

        #region Read the decrypted value from the stream.
        encryptedStream.Position = 0;
        Byte[] decryptedBytes = new Byte[encryptedStream.Length];
        encryptedStream.Read(decryptedBytes, 0, decryptedBytes.Length);
        encryptedStream.Close();
        #endregion
        return UTFEncoder.GetString(decryptedBytes);
    }

    /// Convert a string to a byte array.  NOTE: Normally we'd create a Byte Array from a string using an ASCII encoding (like so).
    //      System.Text.ASCIIEncoding encoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding();
    //      return encoding.GetBytes(str);
    // However, this results in character values that cannot be passed in a URL.  So, instead, I just
    // lay out all of the byte values in a long string of numbers (three per - must pad numbers less than 100).
    public byte[] StrToByteArray(string str)
    {
        if (str.Length == 0)
            throw new Exception("Invalid string value in StrToByteArray");

        byte val;
        byte[] byteArr = new byte[str.Length / 3];
        int i = 0;
        int j = 0;
        do
        {
            val = byte.Parse(str.Substring(i, 3));
            byteArr[j++] = val;
            i += 3;
        }
        while (i < str.Length);
        return byteArr;
    }

    // Same comment as above.  Normally the conversion would use an ASCII encoding in the other direction:
    //      System.Text.ASCIIEncoding enc = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding();
    //      return enc.GetString(byteArr);
    public string ByteArrToString(byte[] byteArr)
    {
        byte val;
        string tempStr = "";
        for (int i = 0; i <= byteArr.GetUpperBound(0); i++)
        {
            val = byteArr[i];
            if (val < (byte)10)
                tempStr += "00" + val.ToString();
            else if (val < (byte)100)
                tempStr += "0" + val.ToString();
            else
                tempStr += val.ToString();
        }
        return tempStr;
    }
}