#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>


using namespace std;


int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(nullptr), cout.tie(nullptr);

    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        long long n, k;
        cin >> n >> k;
        if (n==1) {
            cout << 0 << endl;
        }
        else if (k==1) {
            cout << n-1 << endl;
        }
        else {
            long long i=1;
            long long hours=0;
            n--;
            while (n>0) {
                n-=i;
                hours++;
                if(i<k){
                    if (i*2>k) {
                        i=k;
                        hours+=ceil(double(n)/double(i));
                        break;
                    }
                    else i*=2;
                }
            }
            cout << hours << endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}