documentclass{article}
usepackage{ifoddpage}
usepackage{everypage}
AddEverypageHook{
  checkoddpage
  ifoddpage
    pdfpageattr{/ArtBox [72 72 216 216]}
  else
    pdfpageattr{/ArtBox [216 216 360 360]}
  fi
}
begin{document}
null
%pdfpageattr{/ArtBox [72 72 216 216]}% directly inserting on each page works
clearpage
null
%pdfpageattr{/ArtBox [216 216 360 360]}% directly inserting on each page works
end{document}

2 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/Contents 3 0 R
/Resources 1 0 R
/MediaBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/Parent 4 0 R
>>
endobj
1 0 obj
<<
/ProcSet [ /PDF ]
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Length 0
>>
stream

endstream
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/Contents 7 0 R
/Resources 5 0 R
/MediaBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/Parent 4 0 R
>>
endobj

2 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/Contents 3 0 R
/Resources 1 0 R
/MediaBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/ArtBox [72 72 216 216]
/Parent 4 0 R
>>
endobj
1 0 obj
<<
/ProcSet [ /PDF ]
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Length 0
>>
stream

endstream
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/Contents 7 0 R
/Resources 5 0 R
/MediaBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/ArtBox [216 216 360 360]
/Parent 4 0 R
>>
endobj